django 部署，gunicorn、virtualenv、nginx

声明：

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2、我既然公开写出来，是希望大家遇到问题的时候有个参考，所以，大家可以免费转载，使用该文章

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使用gunicorn 来部署django

django写代码简单，但部署是个难题，今天终于发现gunicorn 这个好东西，与大家一起分享。

 

环境：ubuntu 14.04 64bit + django 1.6.5 + virtualenv + gunicorn

一、创建虚拟环境

root@recall:/home/www# pwd

/home/www



root@recall:/home/www# virtualenv bugenv



New python executable in bugenv/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip...done.



root@recall:/home/www# ll

total 16

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:04 ./

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 21 12:34 ../

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:05 bugenv/

....................................(这一行是私人数据，这里不影响，所以不显示了)

 

二、进入虚拟环境

root@recall:/home/www# cd bugenv/

root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# source bin/activate

(bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#

 

三、下载django和gunicorn
pip install django==1.6.5
pip install gunicorn

 1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install django==1.6.5

 2 Downloading/unpacking django==1.6.5

 3   Downloading Django-1.6.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.7MB): 6.7MB downloaded

 4 Installing collected packages: django

 5 Successfully installed django

 6 Cleaning up...

 7 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install gunicorn

 8 Downloading/unpacking gunicorn

 9   Downloading gunicorn-19.0.0.tar.gz (382kB): 382kB downloaded

10   Running setup.py (path:/home/www/bugenv/build/gunicorn/setup.py) egg_info for package gunicorn

11     

12     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'

13     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'

14     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'

15     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'

16     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'

17     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'

18 Installing collected packages: gunicorn

19   Running setup.py install for gunicorn

20     

21     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'

22     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'

23     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'

24     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'

25     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'

26     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'

27       File "/home/www/bugenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.py", line 67

28         yield from self.wsgi.close()

29                  ^

30     SyntaxError: invalid syntax

31     

32     Installing gunicorn_paster script to /home/www/bugenv/bin

33     Installing gunicorn script to /home/www/bugenv/bin

34     Installing gunicorn_django script to /home/www/bugenv/bin

35 Successfully installed gunicorn

36 Cleaning up...

37 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# 

下载django和gunicorn

四、创建django项目和django app

django-admin.py startproject bugproject
python manages.py startapp bugapp

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# ls

2 bin include lib local

3 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# mkdir djcode

4 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# cd djcode/

5 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# django-admin.py startproject bugproject

6 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# cd bugproject/

7 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# python manage.py startapp bugapp

 

五、设置django 的settings.py文件
添加app，最后结果如下：

 1 INSTALLED_APPS = (

 2     'django.contrib.admin',

 3     'django.contrib.auth',

 4     'django.contrib.contenttypes',

 5     'django.contrib.sessions',

 6     'django.contrib.messages',

 7     'django.contrib.staticfiles',

 8     # add app

 9     'bugapp',

10     'gunicorn',

11 )

 

六、运行gunicorn

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# pwd

2 /home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject

3 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010

如果没有问题，程序就挂起了。
如果你要操作其它东西，你最好使用nohup或screen

七、测试

7.1 我这里用的是nohup运行的(也就是说，上面六的最后一行命令变成了下面这一行)

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# nohup gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010&

然后用tail查看nohup.out，没有任何信息就对了

7.2 查看端口

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# netstat -lpnt 

2 Active Internet connections (only servers)

3 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name

4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    

5 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/nginx       

6 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9842/python     

7 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:******          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8387/python     

8 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:*****           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      689/python        

9 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:****            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1013/python  

 

我们使用的1010端口已经被占用了

7.3 使用curl 进行测试
root@recall:~# curl 127.0.0.1:1010
结果如下：

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>

 2 <html lang="en"><head>

 3   <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

 4   <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"><title>Welcome to Django</title>

 5   <style type="text/css">

 6     html * { padding:0; margin:0; }

 7     body * { padding:10px 20px; }

 8     body * * { padding:0; }

 9     body { font:small sans-serif; }

10     body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }

11     h1 { font-weight:normal; }

12     h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }

13     h2 span { font-size:80%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }

14     h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }

15     h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }

16     table { border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; background:white; }

17     tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }

18     thead th { padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd; }

19     tbody th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }

20     #summary { background: #e0ebff; }

21     #summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }

22     #explanation { background:#eee; }

23     #instructions { background:#f6f6f6; }

24     #summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }

25   </style>

26 </head>

27 

28 <body>

29 <div id="summary">

30   <h1>It worked!</h1>

31   <h2>Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.</h2>

32 </div>

33 

34 <div id="instructions">

35   <p>

36     Of course, you haven't actually done any work yet.

37     Next, start your first app by running <code>python manage.py startapp [appname]</code>.

38   </p>

39 </div>

40 

41 <div id="explanation">

42   <p>

43     You're seeing this message because you have <code>DEBUG = True</code> in your

44     Django settings file and you haven't configured any URLs. Get to work!

45   </p>

46 </div>

47 </body></html>

 

八、配置nginx
8.1 只有127.0.0.1:1010能访问时不够的，我们还需要配置nginx

root@recall:~# vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf

 1     server{

 2         listen 80;

 3         resolver 8.8.8.8;

 4         server_name www.xxoo.com;

 5 

 6         location / {

 7                 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1010;

 8                 proxy_set_header Host $host;

 9                 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

10                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

11         }

12     }

至于静态文件，自己百度、谷歌配置就好了。

8.2 测试配置文件

1 root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t

2 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

3 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

 

8.3 nginx 重新加载配置文件
root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload