ping命令的常见选项
:
-b
:后面加入广播地址,用于对整个网段进行探测;c
:次数:用于指定 ping 的次数;[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=31.4 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=15.5 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 15.521/23.464/31.408/7.944 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 3 www.baidu.com
PING www.wshifen.com (104.193.88.123) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 104.193.88.123 (104.193.88.123): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=178 ms
64 bytes from 104.193.88.123 (104.193.88.123): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=177 ms
64 bytes from 104.193.88.123 (104.193.88.123): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=179 ms
--- www.wshifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 177.760/178.483/179.505/0.743 ms
#这里主要看的是丢包率,如果丢包率过高,说明网络很差劲
[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=5.18 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=5.56 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=3.29 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.299/4.680/5.562/0.990 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.182.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.182.255
inet6 fe80::3880:d5b7:c34d:b0fb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:87:03:cd txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 8908 bytes 8388118 (7.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4287 bytes 469480 (458.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 112 bytes 10084 (9.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 112 bytes 10084 (9.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 192.168.30.30
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:5E:76:E7
inet addr:192.168.30.30 Bcast:192.168.30.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5e:76e7/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:153 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:140 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:12477 (12.1 KiB) TX bytes:11352 (11.0 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:38 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:38 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2724 (2.6 KiB) TX bytes:2724 (2.6 KiB)
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 down ///禁止
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 up ///激活
-d
:使用Socket层级的排错功能-f
:<存活时间>:设置第一个检测数据包的存活数值TTL的大小-F
:设置勿离断位-g
:<网关>:设置来源路由网关,最多可设置8个-i
:<网络界面>:使用指定的网络界面送出数据包-l
:使用ICMP回应取代UDP资料信息-m
:<存活数值>:设置检测数据包的最大存活数值TTL的大小-n
:直接使用IP地址而非主机名-p
:<通信端口>:设置UDP传输协议的通信端口-r
:忽略普通的Routing Table,直接将数据包送到远端主机上-s
<来源地址>:设置本地主机送出数据包的TOS数值-v
:详细显示指令的执行过程-w
:<超时秒数>:设置等待远端主机回报的时间-x
:开启或关闭数据包的正确性检验traceroute:路由跟踪命令,下图中 * 是目标禁止ping;
-t
:列出TCP协议端口-u
:列出UDP协议端口-n
:不使用域名与服务名,而使用IP地址和端口号-l
:仅列出在监听状态网络服务(只有TCP有监听状态)-a
:列出所有网络连接-r
:列出路由列表-p
:显示PID和程序名netstat -tlun
: 查看本机监听的端口netstat -an
: 查看本机所有的网络连接netstat -rn
: 查看本机的路由表。其实route命令功能一样的[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 96 192.168.182.11:22 192.168.182.1:65487 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.182.11:22 192.168.182.1:65476 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
route
命令)[root@localhost ~]# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.182.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
0.0.0.0 192.168.56.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens37
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens37
192.168.182.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
安装命令:yum install -y bind-utils
[root@localhost ~]# nslook
-bash: nslook: 未找到命令
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup
> baidu.com
Server: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: baidu.com
Address: 220.181.38.148
Name: baidu.com
Address: 39.156.69.79
> server
Default server: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53
Default server: 114.114.114.114
Address: 114.114.114.114#53
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 ens37
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens37
192.168.182.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
-a
:<主机>:显示arp缓冲区的所有条目-H
:<地址类型>:指定arp指令使用的地址类型-d
:<主机>:从arp缓冲区中删除指定主机的arp条目-D
:使用指定接口的硬件地址-e
:以Linux的显示风格显示arp缓冲区中的条目-i
:<接口>:指定要操作arp缓冲区的网络接口-s
:<主机><硬件地址>:设置指定主机的IP地址与MAC地址的静态映射-n
:以数字方式显示arp缓冲区中的条目-v
:显示详细的arp缓冲区条目,包括缓冲区条目的统计信息-f
:<文件>:设置主机的IP地址与MAC地址的静态映射[root@localhost ~]# arp
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
192.168.182.1 ether 00:50:56:c0:00:08 C ens33
gateway ether 00:50:56:eb:94:9f C ens33
[root@localhost ~]# arp -v
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
192.168.182.1 ether 00:50:56:c0:00:08 C ens33
gateway ether 00:50:56:eb:94:9f C ens33
Entries: 2 Skipped: 0 Found: 2
-a
:显示详细的DNS信息-c
:<类型>:指定查询类型,默认值为“IN”-C
:查询指定主机的完整SOA记录-r
:在查询域名时,不使用递归的查询方式-t
:<类型>:指定查询第域名信息类型-v
:显示指令执行的详细信息-a
:显示详细的DNS信息;-w
:如果域名服务器没有给出应答信息,则一直等待,直到域名服务器给出应答-W
:<时间>:指定域名查询的最长时间,如果在指定时间内域名服务器没有给出应答信息,则退出指令-4
:使用IPv4-6
:使用IPv6[root@localhost ~]# host www.baidu.com
www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com is an alias for www.wshifen.com.
www.wshifen.com has address 104.193.88.123
www.wshifen.com has address 104.193.88.77
[root@localhost ~]# host -a www.baidu.com
Trying "www.baidu.com"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29318
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com. IN ANY
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com. 980 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
Received 58 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53 in 65 ms