Docker ~ 使用笔记

认识Docker

核心概念

安装Docker

Docker命令

容器生命周期管理命令

• run
• start/stop/restart
• kill
• rm
• pause/unpause
• create
• exec

容器操作命令

• ps
• inspect
• top
• attach
• events
• logs
• wait
• export
• port

容器rootfs命令

• commit
• cp
• diff

镜像仓库

• login
• pull
• push
• search

本地镜像管理

• images
• rmi
• tag
• build
• history
• save
• load
• import

info|version

• info
• version

Dockerfile命令

命令	描述	示例
FROM	依赖的镜像名称	FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
MAINTAINER	镜像创建者	MAINTAINER swyan<[email protected]>
ENV	声明环境变量	ENV APP cloud-memo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
RUN	镜像构建过程中执行命令	RUN pwd && free -m
ADD	添加宿主机文件到容器里，有需要解压的文件会自动解压	ADD $APP /swyan/app/cloud-memo.jar
COPY	添加宿主机文件到容器里	COPY ["cloud-memo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar","/swyan/app/cloud-memo.jar"]
WORKDIR	指定上下文目录	WORKDIR /swyan/app
EXPOSE	容器内应用可使用的端口	EXPOSE 80 443 8001
CMD	容器启动后所执行的程序，Docker run后面跟启动命令会被覆盖掉	CMD ["java", "-jar", "/swyan/app/cloud-memo.jar"]
ENTRYPOINT	容器启动后所执行的程序，Docker run后面跟启动命令不会被覆盖掉	ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/swyan/app/cloud-memo.jar"]
VOLUME	容器卷，将宿主机的目录映射到容器中的目录	VOLUME /swyan/app

Shell脚本自动化安装Docker

#!/usr/bin/env bash
begin_time=`date +%s`
# 创建所需目录
mkdir -p /swyan
# 修改主机名
hostname swyan
> /etc/hostname
echo "swyan" > /etc/hostname
# 查看系统内核版本
echo "kernel-release=>`uname -r`"
# yum更新所有包
yum update
# 如果有安装过docker，进行卸载，移除
yum remove -y docker \
            docker-client \
            docker-client-latest \
            docker-common \
            docker-latest \
            docker-latest-logrotate \
            docker-logrotate \
            docker-selinux \
            docker-engine
# 安装所需工具包
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# 官方源地址
#yum-config-manager \
#    --add-repo \
#    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 清华大学源地址
#yum-config-manager \
#    --add-repo \
#    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 阿里云源地址
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
# 安装社区版 19.03.12 版本的Docker
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.12
# 开启Docker
systemctl start docker
# 设置开机启动Doctor
systemctl enable docker
echo "-------------docker-version-------------"
docker version
# 添加监听端口的docker.service文件覆盖原文件
/bin/cp -rf docker.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
#添加　　-H tcp://0.0.0.0:7375 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock \
/bin/systemctl daemon-reload
service docker restart
echo "----------------------docker installed successfully！-----------------------"
echo "-------------Port<7375> opened to listen for remote publishing--------------"
echo "                                "
echo " _____      ___   _  __ _ _ __  "
echo "/ __\ \ /\ / / | | |/ _' | '_ \ "
echo "\__ \\\\ V  V /| |_| | (_| | | | |"
echo "|___/ \_/\_/  \__, |\__,_|_| |_|"
echo "               __/ |            "
echo "              |___/             "
echo "                                "
finish_time=`date +%s`
echo "Script run time:$((finish_time-begin_time))s"
read -p "Docker has been installed. Do you want to start the required container?[y/n]"
if [[ "y" = $REPLY ]]; then
    /bin/bash docker-run.sh
else
    echo "installed end!!!"
fi