RMAN恢复简单实验

一、恢复初始化参数文件：

1、自动备份还原

1）关闭数据库并启动到nomount阶段

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  939495424 bytes
Fixed Size            2258840 bytes
Variable Size          599787624 bytes
Database Buffers      331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers            6098944 bytes

2）指定DBID

RMAN> set dbid=4033362200;
executing command: SET DBID

3）在数据库是使用spfile启动时，使用如下语句会报错，必须使用to来指定另外一个路径(使用pfile启动可解决如下错误)

RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/09/2016 19:34:28
RMAN-06564: must use the TO clause when the instance is started with SPFILE

4）使用to关键词来指定恢复spfile路径

RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/spfileneal.ora' from autobackup;

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

recovery area destination: /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area
database name (or database unique name) used for search: NEAL
channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp found in the recovery area
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20160309
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 09-MAR-16

5）发现还原成功

[oracle@cancer u01]$ ll

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall  3584 Mar  9 19:39 spfileneal.ora

2、手动还原

1）数据库启动到mount阶段

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

2）列出含有spfile的备份集

RMAN> list backup of spfile;

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
393     Full    9.73M      DISK        00:00:01     09-MAR-16      
        BP Key: 393   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160309T141433
        Piece Name: /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 09-MAR-16
  SPFILE db_unique_name: NEAL

3）通过to来制定还原路径，通过from来指定使用那个备份集用于恢复

RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/neal.ora' from '/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp';

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=237 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 09-MAR-16

4）检查发现还原成功

[oracle@cancer u01]$ ll

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall  3584 Mar  9 19:47 neal.ora

二、恢复控制文件

1)启动数据库到nomount阶段，并指定DBID

SQL> startup nomount;
RMAN> set dbid=4033362200;

2）列出含有控制文件的备份集

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
393     Full    9.73M      DISK        00:00:01     09-MAR-16      
        BP Key: 393   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160309T141433
        Piece Name: /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 7176260      Ckp time: 09-MAR-16

3)在nomount状态不需要制定to的路径，故此不指定也可以恢复成功

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp';

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/oracle/oradata/neal/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/neal/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 09-MAR-16

4)如果数据库处于mount阶段时，使用autobackup会报错

RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 09-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 50 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 09-MAR-16

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 09-MAR-16

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/09/2016 20:12:10
RMAN-06496: must use the TO clause when the database is mounted or open

5）因此在mount阶段恢复控制文件时就需制定路径

RMAN> restore controlfile to '/u01/a.ctl' from '/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/NEAL/autobackup/2016_03_09/o1_mf_s_906041673_cfzht9tn_.bkp';

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 09-MAR-16

[oracle@cancer u01]$ ll

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 10141696 Mar  9 20:13 a.ctl

6）恢复控制文件后，需recover database,再打开数据库必须以resetlogs方式

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/neal/system01.dbf'

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/oracle/oradata/neal/redo01.log
archived log file name=/u01/oracle/oradata/neal/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 09-MAR-16

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

三、恢复数据文件
1）将某个dbf文件mv或者rm掉
[oracle@cancer neal]$ mv sales_2009_2.dbf sales_2009_2.dbf.bak

2）这里报错是因为数据库已经异常关闭

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 12 offline';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of sql command at 03/09/2016 20:26:35
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

3）启动数据库到mount阶段

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

4）将数据文件offline

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 12 offline';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter database datafile 12 offline

5）还原restore数据文件

RMAN> restore datafile 12;

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/oracle/oradata/neal/sales_2009_2.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/neal_lv0_dgr02ri7_1_1_20160309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/neal_lv0_dgr02ri7_1_1_20160309 tag=NEAL_LV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 09-MAR-16

6）恢复recover数据文件

RMAN> recover datafile 12;

Starting recover at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 09-MAR-16

7）将数据文件online

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 12 online';

sql statement: alter database datafile 12 online

8）打开数据库成功

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

9）发现恢复成功

[oracle@cancer neal]$ ll

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   52436992 Mar  9 20:28 sales_2009_2.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   52436992 Mar  9 20:17 sales_2009_2.dbf.bak

四、恢复表空间

1）创建用于测试的表空间

SQL> create tablespace test datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/neal/test01.dbf' size 10m;

Tablespace created.

2）删除表空间对应的数据文件

[oracle@cancer neal]$ rm test01.d

3）将表空间offline掉，报错

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace test offline';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter tablespace test offline
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 03/09/2016 21:27:45
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter tablespace test offline
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 16
ORA-01110: data file 16: '/u01/oracle/oradata/neal/test01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

4）加上immediate关键字

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace test offline immediate';

sql statement: alter tablespace test offline immediate

5）这里报错是因为test是关键字，加上''并大写可以解决

RMAN> restore tablespace test;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "test": expecting one of: "double-quoted-string, identifier, single-quoted-string"
RMAN-01007: at line 1 column 20 file: standard input

RMAN> restore tablespace 'TEST';

Starting restore at 09-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=255 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00016 to /u01/oracle/oradata/neal/test01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/neal_lv0_e4r02vfk_1_1_20160309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/neal_lv0_e4r02vfk_1_1_20160309 tag=NEAL_LV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 09-MAR-16

RMAN> recover tablespace 'TEST';

Starting recover at 09-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 09-MAR-16

6）将表空间重新online

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace test online';

sql statement: alter tablespace test online

五、三种不完全恢复方式

1）基于时间点

run{
 set until time "to_date('2016-03-10 12:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')";
 restore database;
 recover database;
 alter database open resetlogs;
}

2）基于SCN

startup mount;
restore database until scn 10000;
recover database until scn 10000;
alter database open resetlogs;

3）基于日志序列

startup mount;
restore database until sequence 100 thread 1;
recover database until sequence 100 thread 1;
alter database open resetlogs;