1、Spring Cloud Gateway
1.1、简介
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud官方推出的第二代网关框架,功能上比Zuul更加强大,性能也更好,随着Spring Cloud的版本迭代,官方有用Gateway取代Zuul网关的趋势。网关作为一个系统的流量的入口,有着举足轻重的作用,大致功能如下:
路由转发、协议转换
流量聚合,对流量进行监控,日志输出
限流:作为整微服务前端入口,外部流量只能通过网关请求,对流量进行控制
权限控制
Spring Cloud Gateway替换Zuul比较简单,成本较低,Spring Cloud Gateway几乎包含了zuul的所有功能。
1.2、创建一个简单Gateway工程
基于Spring Boot版本2.1.1.RELEASE,Spring Cloud版本为Greenwich.RC2创建,Spring Cloud Gateway官方文档地址:http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.1.0.RC3/single/spring-cloud-gateway.html,创建its-spb-gatewey工程pom:
4.0.0
com.its.geteway
its-spb-geteway
1.0.0
its-spb-geteway
its-spb-geteway
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
2.1.1.RELEASE
1.8
Greenwich.RC2
UTF-8
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-gateway
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-dependencies
${spring-cloud.version}
pom
import
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
spring-milestones
Spring Milestones
https://repo.spring.io/milestone
its-spb-gatewey配置appication.yml:
server:
###服务端口号
port: 80
创建Application 类,运行Application 启动its-spb-gatewey
package com.its.gateway;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
//创建一个简单路由RouteLocator的Bean进行路由转发,将请求进行处理,最后转发到目标的下游服务。
@Bean
public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes().route(
p -> p.path("/get").filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("Gateway", "HelloWorld")).uri("http://httpbin.org:80"))
.build();
}
}
代码中的routes方法为创建路由,配置predicates(断言:配置请求的规则,由具体的route去处理)和filters(各种过滤器,来对请求做各种判断和修改)。
代码中创建的route可以将请求http://127.0.0.1/get都转发到http://httpbin.org:80/get,filters为请求添加一个RequestHeader,header的key为Gateway,value为HelloWord。
在浏览器上访问http://127.0.0.1/get,浏览器显示如下:
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
"Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
"Connection": "close",
"Cookie": "Hm_lvt_57011ad09625c9c2cefad265f1d664b1=1545295992",
"Forwarded": "proto=http;host=127.0.0.1;for=\"127.0.0.1:61687\"",
"Gateway": "HelloWorld",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36",
"X-Forwarded-Host": "127.0.0.1"
},
"origin": "127.0.0.1, 119.139.197.111",
"url": "http://127.0.0.1/get"
}
返回结果可见,向gateway网关工程请求http://127.0.0.1/get,gateway网关会将请求转发到http://httpbin.org/get,并且在转发之前,加上一个filter,该filter会在请求添加一个header的key为Gateway,value为HelloWord。
2、Spring Cloud Gateway Predicate
Spring Cloud Gateway内置了许多Predict,源码在org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate包中,Predicate简介Predicate如下:
RoutePredicateFactory | datetime | 请求时间校验条件谓语 | AfterRoutePredicateFactory | 请求时间在配置时间之后 |
BeforeRoutePredicateFactory | 请求时间在配置时间之前 | |||
BetweenRoutePredicateFactory | 请求时间在配置时间之间 | |||
Cookie | 请求Cookie校验条件谓语 | CookieRoutePredicateFactory | 请求Cookie正则表达式匹配指定值 | |
Header | 请求Header校验条件谓语 | HeaderRoutePredicateFactory | 请求Header正则表达式匹配指定值 | |
CloudFoundryRouteService RoutePredicateFactory |
请求Header是否包含指定名称 | |||
Host | 请求Host校验条件谓语 | HostRoutePredicateFactory | 请求Host匹配指定值 | |
Method | 请求Method校验条件谓语 | MethodRoutePredicateFactory | 请求Method匹配所配置的method | |
Path | 请求Path校验条件谓语 | PathRoutePredicateFactory | 请求路径正则匹配指定值 | |
QueryParam | 请求查询参数校验条件谓语 | QueryRoutePredicateFactory | 请求查询参数正则匹配指定值 | |
RemoteAddr | 请求远程地址校验条件谓语 | RemoteAddrRoutePredicateFactory | 请求远程地址正则匹配指定值 |
Gateway Predicate 例子application.yml:
###Spring Cloud Gateway官方Route Predicate Factories
###yml再建一个配置文件,语法是三个横线“---”
###After Route Predicate Factory 请求时间在2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]之后跳转http://example.org
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: after_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
profiles: after_route
###Before Route Predicate Factory 请求时间在2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]之前跳转http://example.org
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: before_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- Before=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
profiles: befter_route
###Between Route Predicate Factory 请求时间在2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver], 2017-01-21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]之间跳转http://example.org
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: between_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver], 2017-01-21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
profiles: between_route
###Cookie Route Predicate Factory 请求Cookie名称JSESSIONID,值3214891EC42262C77D75514BF8E13EFE
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: cookie_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- Cookie=JSESSIONID, 3214891EC42262C77D75514BF8E13EFE
profiles: cookie_route
###Header Route Predicate Factory
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: header_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+
profiles: header_route
###Host Route Predicate Factory
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: host_route
uri: http://httpbin.org:80/get
predicates:
- Host=**.127.0.0.1
profiles: host_route
###Method Route Predicate Factory 请求类型为get
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: method_route
uri: http://httpbin.org:80/get
predicates:
- Method=GET
profiles: method_route
###Path Route Predicate Factory
###测试http://127.0.0.1/foo/123
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- Path=/foo/{segment},/bar/{segment}
profiles: path_route
###Query Route Predicate Factory
###测试http://127.0.0.1?foo=ba.
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: query_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- Query=foo, ba.
profiles: query_route
###Query Route Predicate Factory
###测试http://127.0.0.1?foo=ba.
---
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: remoteaddr_route
uri: http://example.org
predicates:
- RemoteAddr=127.0.0.1
profiles: remoteaddr_route