当前版本1.8.1,make之前先安装golang的环境,笔者golang版本1.9.2,ubuntu 17.10
git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git
cd go-ethereum
make geth
找个地方新建文件genesis.json,下面的内容来自官网,但是chainId不为0,否则出现insufficient funds for gas * price + value
{
"config": {
"chainId": 12,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0
},
"alloc" : {},
"coinbase" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"difficulty" : "0x20000",
"extraData" : "",
"gasLimit" : "0x2fefd8",
"nonce" : "0x0000000000000042",
"mixhash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp" : "0x00"
}
在终端使用以下命令进行初始化
geth init ./genesis.json --datadir "./chain"
显示结果
$ geth init ./genesis.json --datadir './chain'
INFO [02-28|10:25:05] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [02-28|10:25:05] Allocated cache and file handles database=E:\\Projects\\Geth\\'\\chain'\\geth\\chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [02-28|10:25:05] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [02-28|10:25:05] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=7.0004ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [02-28|10:25:05] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=5e1fc7…d790e0
INFO [02-28|10:25:05] Allocated cache and file handles database=E:\\Projects\\Geth\\'\\chain'\\geth\\lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [02-28|10:25:06] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [02-28|10:25:06] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=0s gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [02-28|10:25:06] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=5e1fc7…d790e0
注:下面的命令将把日志输入到eth_output.log,并开启Geth javascript console(后面简称web3 console)
geth --networkid 12 --datadir "./chain" --nodiscover console 2>>eth_output.log
参数 | 参数说明 |
---|---|
datadir | 设置当前区块链网络数据存放的位置 |
console | 启动命令行模式,可以在geth里执行命令 |
nodiscover | 关闭p2p网络的自动发现,不会被网上看到 |
networkid | 网络标识,私有链取一个大于4的随意的值 |
使用下面的命令查看日志
tail -f eth_output.log
内容如下:
~/geth$ tail -f eth_output.log
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=1
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Database deduplication successful deduped=0
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=7d416a…b75a26 td=65536
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash=7d416a…b75a26 td=65536
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash=7d416a…b75a26 td=65536
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Starting P2P networking
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] RLPx listener up self="enode://287b1fb473949dbbbb4edc63e92de98b1021b91c50f68b07f75cf47e0f8253e0f439f6f86e7b49fcf760e6f5f24b9938f83156fca8efd1bc74e1bd4f97cf3e6b@[::]:30303?discport=0"
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] IPC endpoint opened url=/home/sd/geth/chain/geth.ipc
INFO [02-27|22:13:16] Mapped network port proto=tcp extport=30303 intport=30303 interface=NAT-PMP(192.168.31.1)
在web3 console里内置了一些用来操作以太坊的Javascript对象。主要有:
下面的命令不做特殊说明,都是在web3 console里输入
可以用下面命令查看已有帐户
eth.accounts
创建帐户,下面123456是密码,执行2次,建立两个帐户用于后面的转帐
personal.newAccount("123456")
会在 datadir(当前文中为./chain)里生成keystore,每个帐户一个文件,内容示例如下
{
"address": "514b18f2054ecd174ef00f79e5e6b6df3ef4494d",
"crypto": {
"cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
"ciphertext": "4531f38141f9daaad578c6e00b99f47aa374f36c2a87d0ffbafb1ca0b33f1fe0",
"cipherparams": {
"iv": "b120f958450c12504c8d54afe170c250"
},
"kdf": "scrypt",
"kdfparams": {
"dklen": 32,
"n": 262144,
"p": 1,
"r": 8,
"salt": "e0d8f92937268ab78b78a669a66e59d2db5f8562b1fdb3c6cfc60ce95c1bc20f"
},
"mac": "6bf3a5946e638fc4ea2a95c08997380238d1be189eb044fbe68fe58a36d7c6bd"
},
"id": "c30cb668-a8b7-406c-9ac8-eab245dec9c1",
"version": 3
}
设置挖矿的帐户(可以跳过,直接start使用第1个帐户挖矿)
使用的命令查看coinbase的账户地址
eth.coinbase
设置coinbase
miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[0])
开始挖矿,默认使用第1个帐户挖矿
miner.start()
挖到时,显示内容如下:
INFO [02-27|22:26:25] ? block reached canonical chain number=86 hash=164326…acb82f
INFO [02-27|22:26:25] ? mined potential block number=91 hash=8f7693…1aa8b9
INFO [02-27|22:26:25] Commit new mining work number=92 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=208.882µs
INFO [02-27|22:26:27] Successfully sealed new block number=92 hash=efdd93…daae6e
停止挖矿,停止挖矿后,以太币则不会产生,同样智能合约、转帐等操作也不会起作用。
miner.stop()
查看余额,以太币最小单位是wei(18个0),可以用formWei进行格式化
acc0 = web3.eth.accounts[0] //给帐户取别名
eth.getBalance(acc0) //显示以wei为单位
web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(acc0)) //显示以ether为单位
可以写javascript脚本,查看所有帐户余额
allBal.js,不支持let等ES5以后的特性
function AllBalance() {
var totalBalance = 0
for(var acci in eth.accounts){
var acc = web3.eth.accounts[acci]
var balance = web3.fromWei(web3.eth.getBalance(acc))
console.log('account:'+acc+'\t balance:'+balance+' ether')
totalBalance += parseFloat(balance)
}
console.log('total balance: '+totalBalance)
}
AllBalance()
在web3 console里使用以下命令加载js
loadScript('allBal.js')
从第1个帐户转3 ether到第2个帐户,在挖矿时,转帐结果才生效
//给账户取个别名
acc0 = web3.eth.accounts[0]
acc1 = web3.eth.accounts[1]
eth.sendTransaction({from:acc0,to:acc1,value:web3.toWei(3,"ether")})
如果错误提示:authentication needed:password or unlock
则需要先解锁,从第1帐户转出,因此解锁第1个帐户
personal.unlockAccount(acc0,"123456")
解锁完成后,再进行转帐
eth.sendTransaction({from:acc0,to:acc1,value:web3.toWei(3,"ether")})