iOS开发零碎知识点

iOS开发零碎知识点

 

记录一些常用和不常用的iOS知识点,防止遗忘丢失。(来源为收集自己项目中用到的或者整理看到博客中的知识点),如有错误,欢迎大家批评指正;如有好的知识点,也欢迎大家联系我,添加上去。谢谢!

一、调用代码使APP进入后台,达到点击Home键的效果。(私有API)

    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] performSelector:@selector(suspend)];

suspend的英文意思有:暂停; 悬; 挂; 延缓;

二、带有中文的URL处理。(非UTF-8处理,注意一下)

大概举个例子,类似下面的URL,里面直接含有中文,可能导致播放不了,那么我们要处理一个这个URL,因为他太操蛋了,居然用中文。

http://static.tripbe.com/videofiles/视频/我的自拍视频.mp4
NSString *path  = (__bridge_transfer NSString *)CFURLCreateStringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding(NULL,                                                                                                             (__bridge CFStringRef)model.mp4_url,                                                                                                        CFSTR(""),                                                                                                                CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding));

三、获取UIWebView的高度 
个人最常用的获取方法,感觉这个比较靠谱

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView  {  
    CGFloat height = [[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.body.offsetHeight"] floatValue];  
    CGRect frame = webView.frame;  
    webView.frame = CGRectMake(frame.origin.x, frame.origin.y, frame.size.width, height);  
}  

四、给UIView设置图片(UILabel一样适用)

  • 第一种方法: 
    利用的UIView的设置背景颜色方法,用图片做图案颜色,然后传给背景颜色。

    UIColor *bgColor = [UIColor colorWithPatternImage: [UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImg.png"];
            UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0,320,480)];
    [myView setBackGroundColor:bgColor];
    
  • 第二种方法:

    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"[email protected]"];
    yourView.layer.contents = (__bridge id)image.CGImage;
    //设置显示的图片范围
    yourView.layer.contentsCenter = CGRectMake(0.25,0.25,0.5,0.5);//四个值在0-1之间,对应的为x,y,width,height。
    

五、去掉UITableView多余的分割线

yourTableView.tableFooterView = [UIView new];

六、调整cell分割线的位置,两个方法一起用,暴力解决,防脱发

-(void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {

    if ([self.mytableview respondsToSelector:@selector(setSeparatorInset:)]) {
        [self.mytableview setSeparatorInset:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];

    }
    if ([self.mytableview respondsToSelector:@selector(setLayoutMargins:)])  {
        [self.mytableview setLayoutMargins:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
    }

}

#pragma mark - cell分割线
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willDisplayCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    if ([cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setSeparatorInset:)]){
        [cell setSeparatorInset:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
    }
    if ([cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setLayoutMargins:)]) {
        [cell setLayoutMargins:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)];
    }
}

七、UILabel和UIImageView的交互userInteractionEabled默认为NO。那么如果你把这两个类做为父试图的话,里面的所有东东都不可以点击哦。曾经有一个人,让我帮忙调试bug,他调试很久没搞定,就是把WMPlayer对象(播放器对象)放到一个UIImageView上面。这样imageView addSubView:wmPlayer 后,播放器的任何东东都不能点击了。userInteractionEabled设置为YES即可。

八、UISearchController和UISearchBar的Cancle按钮改title问题,简单粗暴

- (BOOL)searchBarShouldBeginEditing:(UISearchBar *)searchBar
{
    searchController.searchBar.showsCancelButton = YES;
    UIButton *canceLBtn = [searchController.searchBar valueForKey:@"cancelButton"];
    [canceLBtn setTitle:@"取消" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [canceLBtn setTitleColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:14.0/255.0 green:180.0/255.0 blue:0.0/255.0 alpha:1.00] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    searchBar.showsCancelButton = YES;
    return YES;
}

九、UITableView收起键盘何必这么麻烦 
一个属性搞定,效果好(UIScrollView同样可以使用) 
以前是不是觉得[self.view endEditing:YES];很屌,这个下面的更屌。 
yourTableView.keyboardDismissMode = UIScrollViewKeyboardDismissModeOnDrag;

另外一个枚举为UIScrollViewKeyboardDismissModeInteractive,表示在键盘内部滑动,键盘逐渐下去。

十、NSTimer  
1、NSTimer计算的时间并不精确 
2、NSTimer需要添加到runLoop运行才会执行,但是这个runLoop的线程必须是已经开启。 
3、NSTimer会对它的tagert进行retain,我们必须对其重复性的使用intvailte停止。target如果是self(指UIViewController),那么VC的retainCount+1,如果你不释放NSTimer,那么你的VC就不会dealloc了,内存泄漏了。

十一、UIViewController没用大小(frame) 
经常有人在群里问:怎么改变VC的大小啊? 
瞬间无语。(只有UIView才能设置大小,VC是控制器啊,哥!)

十二、用十六进制获取UIColor(类方法或者Category都可以,这里我用工具类方法)

+ (UIColor *)colorWithHexString:(NSString *)color
{
    NSString *cString = [[color stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]] uppercaseString];

    // String should be 6 or 8 characters
    if ([cString length] < 6) {
        return [UIColor clearColor];
    }

    // strip 0X if it appears
    if ([cString hasPrefix:@"0X"])
        cString = [cString substringFromIndex:2];
    if ([cString hasPrefix:@"#"])
        cString = [cString substringFromIndex:1];
    if ([cString length] != 6)
        return [UIColor clearColor];

    // Separate into r, g, b substrings
    NSRange range;
    range.location = 0;
    range.length = 2;

    //r
    NSString *rString = [cString substringWithRange:range];

    //g
    range.location = 2;
    NSString *gString = [cString substringWithRange:range];

    //b
    range.location = 4;
    NSString *bString = [cString substringWithRange:range];

    // Scan values
    unsigned int r, g, b;
    [[NSScanner scannerWithString:rString] scanHexInt:&r];
    [[NSScanner scannerWithString:gString] scanHexInt:&g];
    [[NSScanner scannerWithString:bString] scanHexInt:&b];

    return [UIColor colorWithRed:((float) r / 255.0f) green:((float) g / 255.0f) blue:((float) b / 255.0f) alpha:1.0f];
}

十三、获取今天是星期几

+ (NSString *) getweekDayStringWithDate:(NSDate *) date
{
    NSCalendar * calendar = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar]; // 指定日历的算法
    NSDateComponents *comps = [calendar components:NSWeekdayCalendarUnit fromDate:date];

    // 1 是周日,2是周一 3.以此类推

    NSNumber * weekNumber = @([comps weekday]);
    NSInteger weekInt = [weekNumber integerValue];
    NSString *weekDayString = @"(周一)";
    switch (weekInt) {
        case 1:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周日)";
        }
            break;

        case 2:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周一)";
        }
            break;

        case 3:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周二)";
        }
            break;

        case 4:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周三)";
        }
            break;

        case 5:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周四)";
        }
            break;

        case 6:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周五)";
        }
            break;

        case 7:
        {
            weekDayString = @"(周六)";
        }
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
    return weekDayString;

}

十四、UIView的部分圆角问题

UIView *view2 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 10, 80, 80)];
view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
[self.view addSubview:view2];

UIBezierPath *maskPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:view2.bounds byRoundingCorners:UIRectCornerBottomLeft | UIRectCornerBottomRight cornerRadii:CGSizeMake(10, 10)];
CAShapeLayer *maskLayer = [[CAShapeLayer alloc] init];
maskLayer.frame = view2.bounds;
maskLayer.path = maskPath.CGPath;
view2.layer.mask = maskLayer;
//其中,
byRoundingCorners:UIRectCornerBottomLeft | UIRectCornerBottomRight
//指定了需要成为圆角的角。该参数是UIRectCorner类型的,可选的值有:
* UIRectCornerTopLeft
* UIRectCornerTopRight
* UIRectCornerBottomLeft
* UIRectCornerBottomRight
* UIRectCornerAllCorners

从名字很容易看出来代表的意思,使用“|”来组合就好了。

十五、设置滑动的时候隐藏navigationBar

navigationController.hidesBarsOnSwipe = Yes;

十六、iOS画虚线 
记得先 QuartzCore框架的导入

#import 

CGContextRef context =UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();  
CGContextBeginPath(context);  
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 2.0);  
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor);  
CGFloat lengths[] = {10,10};  
CGContextSetLineDash(context, 0, lengths,2);  
CGContextMoveToPoint(context, 10.0, 20.0);  
CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, 310.0,20.0);  
CGContextStrokePath(context);  
CGContextClosePath(context);  

十七、自动布局中多行UILabel,需要设置其preferredMaxLayoutWidth属性才能正常显示多行内容。另外如果出现显示不全文本,可以在计算的结果基础上+0.5。

    CGFloat h = [model.message boundingRectWithSize:CGSizeMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width - kGAP-kAvatar_Size - 2*kGAP, CGFLOAT_MAX) options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin attributes:attributes context:nil].size.height+0.5;

十八、 禁止程序运行时自动锁屏 
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] setIdleTimerDisabled:YES];

十九、KVC相关,支持操作符 
KVC同时还提供了很复杂的函数,主要有下面这些 
①简单集合运算符 
简单集合运算符共有@avg, @count , @max , @min ,@sum5种,都表示啥不用我说了吧, 目前还不支持自定义。

@interface Book : NSObject
@property (nonatomic,copy)  NSString* name;
@property (nonatomic,assign)  CGFloat price;
@end
@implementation Book
@end


Book *book1 = [Book new];
book1.name = @"The Great Gastby";
book1.price = 22;
Book *book2 = [Book new];
book2.name = @"Time History";
book2.price = 12;
Book *book3 = [Book new];
book3.name = @"Wrong Hole";
book3.price = 111;

Book *book4 = [Book new];
book4.name = @"Wrong Hole";
book4.price = 111;

NSArray* arrBooks = @[book1,book2,book3,book4];
NSNumber* sum = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.price"];
NSLog(@"sum:%f",sum.floatValue);
NSNumber* avg = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.price"];
NSLog(@"avg:%f",avg.floatValue);
NSNumber* count = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@count"];
NSLog(@"count:%f",count.floatValue);
NSNumber* min = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@min.price"];
NSLog(@"min:%f",min.floatValue);
NSNumber* max = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@max.price"];
NSLog(@"max:%f",max.floatValue);

打印结果
2016-04-20 16:45:54.696 KVCDemo[1484:127089] sum:256.000000
2016-04-20 16:45:54.697 KVCDemo[1484:127089] avg:64.000000
2016-04-20 16:45:54.697 KVCDemo[1484:127089] count:4.000000
2016-04-20 16:45:54.697 KVCDemo[1484:127089] min:12.000000

NSArray 快速求总和 最大值 最小值 和 平均值

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2.0", @"2.3", @"3.0", @"4.0", @"10", nil];
CGFloat sum = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat avg = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat max =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@max.floatValue"] floatValue];
CGFloat min =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@min.floatValue"] floatValue];
NSLog(@"%f\n%f\n%f\n%f",sum,avg,max,min);

二十、使用MBProgressHud时,尽量不要加到UIWindow上,加self.view上即可。如果加UIWindow上在iPad上,旋转屏幕的时候MBProgressHud不会旋转。之前有人遇到这个bug,我让他改放到self.view上即可解决此bug。

二十一、强制让App直接退出(非闪退,非崩溃)

    - (void)exitApplication {
        AppDelegate *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
        UIWindow *window = app.window;
        [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0f animations:^{
            window.alpha = 0;
        } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
            exit(0);
        }];
    }

二十二、Label行间距

 NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString =    
   [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:self.contentLabel.text];
    NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle =  [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];  
   [paragraphStyle setLineSpacing:3];

    //调整行间距       
   [attributedString addAttribute:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName 
                         value:paragraphStyle 
                         range:NSMakeRange(0, [self.contentLabel.text length])];
     self.contentLabel.attributedText = attributedString;

二十三、CocoaPods pod install/pod update更新慢的问题 
pod install –verbose –no-repo-update  
pod update –verbose –no-repo-update 
如果不加后面的参数,默认会升级CocoaPods的spec仓库,加一个参数可以省略这一步,然后速度就会提升不少。

二十四、MRC和ARC混编设置方式 
在XCode中targets的build phases选项下Compile Sources下选择 不需要arc编译的文件 
双击输入 -fno-objc-arc 即可 
MRC工程中也可以使用ARC的类,方法如下: 
在XCode中targets的build phases选项下Compile Sources下选择要使用arc编译的文件 
双击输入 -fobjc-arc 即可

二十五、把tableview里cell的小对勾的颜色改成别的颜色 
_yourTableView.tintColor = [UIColor redColor];

二十六、解决同时按两个按钮进两个view的问题 
[button setExclusiveTouch:YES];

二十七、修改textFieldplaceholder字体颜色和大小

textField.placeholder = @"请输入用户名";  
[textField setValue:[UIColor redColor] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.textColor"];  
[textField setValue:[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:16] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.font"];

二十八、禁止textField和textView的复制粘贴菜单

-(BOOL)canPerformAction:(SEL)action withSender:(id)sender
{
     if ([UIMenuController sharedMenuController]) {
       [UIMenuController sharedMenuController].menuVisible = NO;
     }
     return NO;
}

二十九:如何进入我的软件在app store 的页面 
先用iTunes Link Maker找到软件在访问地址,格式为itms-apps://ax.itunes.apple.com/…,然后

#define  ITUNESLINK   @"itms-apps://ax.itunes.apple.com/..."
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:ITUNESLINK];
if([[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:url]){
     [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
}

如果把上述地址中itms-apps改为http就可以在浏览器中打开了。可以把这个地址放在自己的网站里,链接到app store。 
iTunes Link Maker地址:http://itunes.apple.com/linkmaker

三十、二级三级页面隐藏系统tabbar 
1、单个处理

YourViewController *yourVC = [YourViewController new];
yourVC.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = YES;
[self.navigationController pushViewController:yourVC animated:YES];

2.统一在基类里面处理 
新建一个类BaseNavigationController继承UINavigationController,然后重写 -(void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated这个方法。所有的push事件都走此方法。

@interface BaseNavigationController : UINavigationController

@end
    -(void)pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated{
        [super pushViewController:viewController animated:animated];
        if (self.viewControllers.count>1) {
            viewController.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = YES;
        }
    }

三十一、取消系统的返回手势

   self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.enabled = NO;

三十二、修改UIWebView中字体的大小,颜色

1、UIWebView设置字体大小,颜色,字体: 
UIWebView无法通过自身的属性设置字体的一些属性,只能通过html代码进行设置 
在webView加载完毕后,在 

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView方法中加入js代码  
    NSString *str = @"document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.webkitTextSizeAdjust= '60%'";  
    [_webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:str]; 

或者加入以下代码

NSString *jsString = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"document.body.style.fontSize=%f;document.body.style.color=%@",fontSize,fontColor];   
        [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:jsString];   

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