powershell操作excel

• 如何创建一个Excel 应用程序对象?

  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  

• 默认创建的Excel 应用程序对象是在后台的，它默认不显示程序的主窗口出来，如何让它显示出来?

  $xl.Visible = $true
  

---

• 创建一个Excel 文件，也就是我们的Excel 文档(题外话:Excel 应用程序可以打开多个workbook,workbook 包含多个sheet,sheel包含多个cell

  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  

---

• 添加一个工作薄worksheet?

  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  
  $xl.Visible = $true
  
  #打开ado_object_models.xls Excel 文档 
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Open("C:\Scripts\ado_object_model.xls")
  
  #添加一个工作薄
  $ws = $xl.Sheets.Add()
  

---

• 如何激活一个工作薄? 也就是如何选中某个工作簿让其处于我们可以操作的状态。

  # 创建Excel 应用程序对象
  $xl = new-object -comobject Excel.Application
  # 显示Excel 软件的主界面窗口
  $xl.visible = $true
  # 打开一个Excel文档
  $wb = $xl.workbooks.open("C:\Scripts\PowerShell\test.xls")
  
  # 获取Excel 文档的工作薄 
  $ws1 = $wb.worksheets | where {$_.name -eq "sheet1"} #<——- Selects sheet 1
  $ws2 = $wb.worksheets | where {$_.name -eq "sheet2"} #<——- Selects sheet 2
  $ws3 = $wb.worksheets | where {$_.name -eq "sheet3"} #<——- Selects sheet 3
  
  # 激活sheet1
  $ws1.activate()
  
  Start-Sleep 1
  
  # 激活 sheet 2
  $ws2.activate()
  
  Start-Sleep 1
  
  # 激活 sheet 3
  
  $ws3.activate()	
  

---

• 如何更改活动单元格的值？(活动单元格，也就是当前处于选中状态，我们可以对其进行操作的单元格)

  $xl.ActiveCell.Value2 = "x"
  

---

• 如何更改某个具体单元格的值?

  $xl.activesheet.cells.item(2,1).value2=”y”
  
  $xl.cells.item(2,1).value2=”y”
  
  $xl.ActiveSheet.Range("B1").Value2 = "y"
  

---

• 如何获得excel文档的名称?

  $wb.Name
  $xl.activeWorkBook.name
  

---

• 如何通过行号，列号来枚举相应的所有单元格的值?

  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  $xl.Visible = $true
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  $ws = $wb.Worksheets.Item(1)
  
  #设置前11行，每行第一个单元格的值为1–〉11
  for ($row = 1; $row -lt 11; $row++)
  {
      $ws.Cells.Item($row,1) = $row
  
  }
  

---

• 如何列举某个文件夹下的所有文件，然后把列表导入Excel?

  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  $xl.Visible = $true
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  $ws = $wb.Worksheets.Item(1)
  
  $row = 1
  #获取当前文件夹下的所有文件以及文件夹对象
  $s = dir
  
  $s | foreach -process `
  { `
      #输出每个文件或者文件夹的名称到Excel
      $ws.Cells.Item($row,1) = $_; `
      $row++ `
  
  }
  

---

• 获取当前的系统进程列表然后输出到Excel?

  # 下面函数用来释放Excel的应用程序的对象，否则你使用Excel对象的quit()方法
  # 之后，虽然关闭了Excel的界面窗口，但是 相应的Excel进程还在进程列表里
  # 面，而且没有释放其占有的内存和资源，使用下面函数将释放Com对象，并
  # 且调用.net的垃圾收集器进行资源回收。以 后的office Powershell中会经常使
  # 用该函数用来释放office的application 对象。
  
  function Release-Ref ($ref) {
  [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($ref)
  [System.GC]::Collect()
  [System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()
  
  }
  
  # —————————————————–
  
  $xl = New-Object -comobject Excel.Application
  
  $xl.Visible = $True
  
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  $ws = $wb.Worksheets.Item(1)
  $range = $ws.Cells.Item(1,1)
  
  $row = 1
  # 获取进程列表，并且获取进程名称
  $s = Get-Process | Select-Object name
  $s | foreach -process {
      $range = $ws.Cells.Item($row,1);
      $range.value2 = $_.Name;
      $row++ }
  
  # 下面这句用来关闭office中的一些提示确认框，否则会弹出一些对话框让你确认
  $xl.DisplayAlerts = $False
  #使用excel应用程序的Saveas来保存更改后的文档
  $wb.SaveAs("C:\Scripts\Get_Process.xls")
  
  # 注销释放$range对象
  Release-Ref $range
  # powershell的官方blog上多加了一步操作，也就是remove-variable $range,以
  # 前以为没有什么作用，后面发现如果不执行该项操作，该变量名称会停留
  # 在variable:\下面，如果执行dir variable:\ 会报错误
  
  remove-variable $range
  Release-Ref $ws
  remove-variable $ws
  Release-Ref $wb
  remove-variable $wb
  $xl.Quit()
  Release-Ref $xl
  remove-variable $xl
  

• ***如果是针对远程计算机操作，尝试下面的，当然首先你需要配置Wsman

  $strComputer = (remote machine name)
  $P = gwmi win32_process -comp $strComputer
  
  

---

• 如何打开一个Excel 文件?

  #an existing Workbook
  $xl.Workbooks.Open("C:\Scripts\ado_object_model.xls")
  

---

• 如何创建一个新的Excel文件 workbook?

  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  $xl.Visible = $true
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  $xl.ActiveCell.Value2 = "x"
  $xl.ActiveSheet.Range("B1").Value2 = "y"
  

---

• 如何到处Powershell的命令输入历史到 Excel?

  function Release-Ref ($ref) {
  
  ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject([System.__ComOb­ject]
  $ref) -gt 0)
  [System.GC]::Collect()
  [System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()
  
  }
  
  # —————————————————–
  
  $xl = New-Object -comobject Excel.Application
  
  $xl.Visible = $True
  
  $wb = $excel.Workbooks.Add()
  $ws = $workbook.Worksheets.Item(1)
  $range = $worksheet.Cells.Item(1,1)
  
  $row = 1
  $s = Get-History | foreach -process { `
  $range = $worksheet.Cells.Item($row,1); `
  #下面的Value2可以输入字符串，否则你用value属性会报错。
  $range.value2 = $_.CommandLine; `
  $row++ }
  
  $xl.DisplayAlerts = $False
  $wb.SaveAs("C:\Scripts\Get_CommandLine.xls")
  
  Release-Ref $range
  
  Release-Ref $ws
  
  Release-Ref $wb
  
  $xl.Quit()
  
  Release-Ref $xl
  

---

• 如何转换"~" 分隔的文本文件到Microsoft Excel?

  # Script name: ConvertTilde.ps1
  # Created on: 2007-01-06
  # Author: Kent Finkle
  # Purpose: How Can I Convert a Tilde-Delimited File to Microsoft Excel
  Format?
  
  $s = gc C:\Scripts\Test.txt
  # 先把~替换成Tab制表符，然后使用Excel打开它，其实我觉得这里使
  # 用import-csv 然后加上一个分隔符的参数然后导出CSV 再用excel打开也可以
  $s = $s -replace("~","`t")
  $s | sc C:\Scripts\Test.txt
  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  $xl.Visible = $true
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Open("C:\Scripts\Test.txt")
  

---

• 如何为Excel 工作薄设置数据有效性验证

  $comments = @’
  Script name: Add-Validation.ps1
  Created on: Wednesday, September 19, 2007
  Author: Kent Finkle
  Purpose: How can I use Windows Powershell to Add Validation to an
  Excel Worksheet?
  ‘@
  
  #—————————————————–
  function Release-Ref ($ref) {
  ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject(
  [System.__ComObject]$ref) -gt 0)
  [System.GC]::Collect()
  [System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()
  
  }
  
  #—————————————————–
  
  $xlValidateWholeNumber = 1
  $xlValidAlertStop = 1
  $xlBetween = 1
  
  $xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
  $xl.Visible = $True
  
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  $ws = $wb.Worksheets.Item(1)
  $r = $ws.Range("e5")
  $r.Validation.Add($xlValidateWholeNumber, ` $xlValidAlertStop,
  $xlBetween, "5", "10") $r.Validation.InputTitle = "Integers"
  $r.Validation.ErrorTitle = "Integers"
  $r.Validation.InputMessage = "Enter an integer from five to ten"
  $r.Validation.ErrorMessage = "You must enter a number from five to
  ten"
  
  $a = Release-Ref $r
  $a = Release-Ref $ws
  $a = Release-Ref $wb
  $a = Release-Ref $xl
  

---

• 添加图表到 Excel 工作薄

  $xrow = 1
  $yrow = 8
  $xl = New-Object -c excel.application
  $xl.visible = $true
  $wb = $xl.workbooks.add()
  $sh = $wb.sheets.item(1)
  1..8 | % { $sh.Cells.Item(1,$_) = $_ }
  1..8 | % { $sh.Cells.Item(2,$_) = 9-$_ }
  $range = $sh.range("a${xrow}:h$yrow")
  $range.activate
  # create and assign the chart to a variable
  $ch = $xl.charts.add()
  $ch.chartType = 58
  $ch.setSourceData($range)
  $ch.export("C:\test.jpg")
  $xl.quit()
  
  # excel has 48 chart styles, you can cycle through all
  1..48 | % {$ch.chartStyle = $_; $xl.speech.speak("Style $_"); sleep 1}
  $ch.chartStyle = 27                          # <– use the one you like
  

  ---

• 对Excel 工作薄的某一列进行排序

  $xlSummaryAbove = 0
  $xlSortValues = $xlPinYin = 1
  $xlAscending = 1
  $xlDescending = 2
  
  # one-column sort –> works
  [void]$range1.sort($range2, $xlAscending)
  [void]$range1.sort($range3, $xlAscending)
  # two-column sort –> doesn’t sort both columns
  # the 4th arg [xlSortType] gives problems so pass $null or ”,
  # it may be for PivotTables only
  [void]$range1.sort($range2, $xlAscending, $range3, ”, $xlAscending)
  

---

• 对Excel的某一列进行汇总

  \	mon	tue	wed
  eggs	1	1	1
  ham	5	5	5
  spam	1	4	7
  spam	2	5	8
  spam	3	6	9

  处理代码：

  	$xlSum = -4157
  	
  	$range = $xl.range("A1:D6")
  	$range.Subtotal(1,-4157,(2,3,4),$true,$false,$true)
  	#     Selection.Subtotal GroupBy:=1, Function:=xlSum, TotalList:=Array(4), _
  	#     Replace:=True, PageBreaks:=False, SummaryBelowData:=True
  

---

• 怎样使用 xlConstants

  $xlAutomatic=-4105
  $xlBottom = -4107
  $xlCenter = -4108
  $xlContext = -5002
  $xlContinuous=1
  $xlDiagonalDown=5
  $xlDiagonalUp=6
  $xlEdgeBottom=9
  $xlEdgeLeft=7
  $xlEdgeRight=10
  $xlEdgeTop=8
  $xlInsideHorizontal=12
  $xlInsideVertical=11
  $xlNone=-4142
  $xlThin=2
  
  $xl = new-object -com excel.application
  $xl.visible=$true
  $wb = $xl.workbooks.open("d:\book1.xls")
  $ws = $wb.worksheets | where {$_.name -eq "sheet1"}
  $selection = $ws.range("A1:D1")
  $selection.select()
  
  $selection.HorizontalAlignment = $xlCenter
  $selection.VerticalAlignment = $xlBottom
  $selection.WrapText = $false
  $selection.Orientation = 0
  $selection.AddIndent = $false
  $selection.IndentLevel = 0
  $selection.ShrinkToFit = $false
  $selection.ReadingOrder = $xlContext
  $selection.MergeCells = $false
  $selection.Borders.Item($xlInsideHorizontal).Weight = $xlThin
  

---

• excel 的自动填充功能在powershell中的使用

  $xlFillWeekdays = 6
  
  $xl = new-object -com excel.application
  $xl.visible=$true
  $wb = $xl.workbooks.add()
  $ws = $wb.worksheets | where {$_.name -eq "sheet1"}
  $range1= $ws.range("A1")
  $range1.value() = (get-date).toString("d")
  $range2 = $ws.range("A1:A25")
  $range1.AutoFill($range2,$xlFillWeekdays)
  $range1.entireColumn.Autofit()
  # $wb.close()
  # $xl.quit()
  

---

• 获得Excel的某个选取范围

  # get-excelrange.ps1
  # opens an existing workbook in Excel 2007, using PowerShell
  # and turns a range bold # Thomas Lee – t…@psp.co.uk
  # Create base object
  $xl = new-object -comobject Excel.Application
  
  # make Excel visible
  $xl.visible = $true
  
  # open a workbook
  $wb = $xl.workbooks.open("C:\Scripts\test.xls")
  
  # Get sheet1
  $ws = $wb.worksheets | where {$_.name -eq "sheet1"}
  
  # Make A1-B1 bold
  $range = $ws.range("A1:B1")
  $range.font.bold = "true"
  
  # Make A2-B2 italic
  $range2 = $ws.range("A2:B2")
  $range2.font.italic = "true"
  
  # Set range to a value
  $range3=$ws.range("A2:B2")
  $Range3.font.size=24
  
  # now format an entire row
  $range4=$ws.range("3:3")
  $range4.cells="Row 3"
  $range4.font.italic="$true"
  $range4.font.bold=$True
  $range4.font.size=10
  $range4.font.name="comic Sans MS"
  
  # now format a Range of cells
  
  $ws.Range("D1:F5").NumberFormat = "#,##0.00"
  

---

• 向Excel 单元格添加注释(Comment)

  $xll = New-Object -com Excel.Application
  $xl.visible = $True
  $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
  $ws = $wb.Worksheets.Item(1)
  $ws.Cells.Item(1,1) = “A value in cell A1.”
  [void]$ws.Range("A1").AddComment()
  [void]$ws.Range("A1").comment.Visible = $False
  [void]$ws.Range("A1").Comment.text("OldDog: `r this is a comment")
  [void]$ws.Range("A2").Select
  
  

---

• 如何进行选择性复制和粘贴？

  $xlPasteValues = -4163 
  $xlCellTypeLastCell = 11 
  
  $used = $ws.usedRange
  $lastCell = $used.SpecialCells($xlCellTypeLastCell)
  $row = $lastCell.row
  
  $range = $ws.UsedRange
  [void]$ws.Range("A8:F$row").Copy()
  [void]$ws.Range("A8").PasteSpecial(-4163)
  

• 总结
  关于Excel powershell的 其他的一些 经验和总结，其实看powershell office的代码和普通的Vba代码没有太大的区别，偶尔可能因为语法的不同有所出入，但是函数和属性都是相同的，因此在我们不知道 powershell如何写的时候，可以使用word ,Excel中的录制宏功能，录制下vba代码看看，还有如果想了解office对象可用的属性和方法，那么office本身带的对象浏览器(在VBa编 辑器的环境中按F2即可调出)也非常有用，你可以查看一些常量的值，然后你在powershell中定义这些常量。