redhat5 搭建dhcp

RHEL5搭建DHCP

 

此实验利用VMware12搭建的环境,网卡都是-自定义VMnet3

 

网络环境:

 

一台server(DHCP),一台client 其中一台当做打印机使用,固定IP(根据MAC地址)

 

需求描述:

 

1:DHCP服务器的主机名为dhcpsvr.mvp.com IP地址:192.168.1.10/24

2:给网络内各主机自动分配IP,地址范围192.168.1.20-192.168.1.60

3:局域网内各主机用的默认网关地址为192.168.1.254

4:局域网使用的DNS服务器地址分别为192.168.1.6,DNS服务器的主机名为ns2.mvp.com

5:网络打印机设备,主机名为print01,要求自动分配固定IP192.168.1.50

 

 

 

 

要求1:设置dhcp网卡信息

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/     切换到网卡目录下

redhat5 搭建dhcp_第1张图片
配置默认网卡  vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

编辑网卡配置信息  


默认的网卡信息

redhat5 搭建dhcp_第2张图片

更改后

保存

[root@localhost ~]# cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

HWADDR=08:00:27:36:C4:81

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.1.10

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.1.254

DNS1=192.168.1.6

 

 

修改网络主机 /etc/sysconfig/network

redhat5 搭建dhcp_第3张图片

验证


修改本地hosts  /etc/hosts

vim /etc/hosts  编辑完wq 保存并退出

 

验证

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, orvarious programs

# that require network functionality willfail.

127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost

192.168.1.10     dhcpsvr.mvp.com

192.168.1.6      ns2.mvp.com 

重启网卡

 

检查dhcp安装信息


要将服务器配置成为DHCP服务器,还需要安装以下程序包:dhcp-3.0.5-18.el5.i386.rpmdhcp-devel-3.0.5-18.el5.i386.rpmdhcpv6-1.0.10-16.el5.i386.rpm

(注意,不同的操作系统版本,DHCP安装包的版本会不一样)

先安装

[root@localhost Server]#rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-23.el5.i386.rpm

warning:dhcp-3.0.5-23.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

error: failed to stat/media/RHEL_5.5 i386 DVD: 没有那个文件或目录

Preparing...                                                    ###########################################[100%]

   1:dhcp                                                      ########################################### [100%]

其次

 

[root@localhost Server]#rpm -ivh dhcp-devel-3.0.5-23.el5.i386.rpm

warning:dhcp-devel-3.0.5-23.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID37017186

error: failed to stat/media/RHEL_5.5 i386 DVD: 没有那个文件或目录

Preparing...                                                   ########################################### [100%]

   1:dhcp-devel                                                ########################################### [100%]

 

验证

[root@localhost Server]#rpm -qa |grep dhcp

dhcpv6-client-1.0.10-18.el5

dhcp-devel-3.0.5-23.el5

dhcp-3.0.5-23.el5

将/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample复制到/etc/dhcpd.conf,也可以新建一个dhcpd.conf。

 

[root@localhost ~]# cp/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

cp:是否覆盖“/etc/dhcpd.conf? y

 

配置dhcp

[root@localhost ~]# vim/etc/dhcpd.conf

默认·的

 redhat5 搭建dhcp_第4张图片

更改后查询结果

[root@localhost ~]# cat/etc/dhcpd.conf 

ddns-update-styleinterim;

ignore client-updates;

 

subnet 192.168.1.0netmask 255.255.255.0 {   默认网段

 

# --- default gateway

        option routers                  192.168.1.254;  默认网关

        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;  默认掩码

 

        option nis-domain               "ns2.mvp.com";  dns域名

        option domain-name              "ns2.mvp.com"; 域名

        option domain-name-servers       192.168.1.6; dns服务器地址

 

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.6;  dhcp服务器地址

#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.6; 

# --- Selectspoint-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

# -- you understandNetbios very well

#       option netbios-node-type 2;

 

        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.20192.168.1.60;    地址池

        default-lease-time 21600;

        max-lease-time 43200;

 

        # we want the nameserver to appear at afixed address

        host ns {

                next-server dhcpsrv.mvp.com;

                hardware ethernet08:00:27:D4:2A:F5;  预留mac地址  (给打印机使用)

                fixed-address 192.168.1.50;   预留ip地址

        }

}

[root@localhost ~]#开启dhcp服务


关闭防火墙

 redhat5 搭建dhcp_第5张图片

 

去客户机验证   

禁用再启用,cmd命令行输入ipconfig /renew 更新ip地址   ipconfig/release 释放ip地址

ipconfig /all 查看网卡详细信息包括mac地址,主机名等等。

获取到1.50   这就给打印机预留了

了一个ip地址  为固定ip.

redhat5 搭建dhcp_第6张图片

 

 

实验总结:dhcp实现的范围广,灵活性强。

 

 

 

 

 

 

补充

客户端租用IP地址的信息都会存放到租约数据库,

可以使用命令:cat  /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases查看租约数据库信息。注意,刚安装好的租约数据库是空的,需要DHCP服务器运行,有客户端使用后才有数据记录。

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

# All times in this fileare in UTC (GMT), not your local timezone.  This is

# not a bug, so pleasedon't ask about it.   There is noportable way to

# store leases in thelocal timezone, so please don't request this as a

# feature.   If this is inconvenient or confusing to you,we sincerely

# apologize.   Seriously, though - don't ask.

# The format of this fileis documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.

# This lease file waswritten by isc-dhcp-V3.0.5-RedHat

 

lease 192.168.1.60 {

  starts 2 2018/02/06 20:56:55;

  ends 2 2018/02/06 20:57:03;

  tstp 2 2018/02/06 20:57:03;

  binding state free;

  hardware ethernet 08:00:27:d4:2a:f5;

  uid "\001\010\000'\324*\365";

}

名词解释:

配置参数意义

修改配置文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
如下:

//支持的dhcp动态更新方式(non:不支持;interim:互动更新模式;ad-hoc:特殊更新模式)
ddns-update-style interim;  
#ignore client-updates;

#subnet<子网络号> netmask <子网掩码>:
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 #指定地址池,将在192.168.1.20~192.168.1.254范围之内的IP地址动态分配给客户机
        range 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.254;

        option routers192.168.1.1;       #客户端默认网关为192.168.1.1
        option subnet-mask255.255.255.0;  #
指定客户端子网掩码

        option domain-name"example.com";     #指定DNS后缀
        option domain-name-servers*.*.*.*;   #DNS服务器地址
        option broadcast-address192.168.1.255;   #指定广播地址

        default-lease-time 86400; #指定默认租约时间,单位是秒   默认1天
        max-lease-time 172800;  #指定最长租赁时间,单位是秒

 #为网络适配器的物理地址为00:0C:29:23:F5:A2的主机保留指定IP地址
        host pc1 {
               hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:D4:E7:58;
               fixed-address 192.168.1.50;
        }
}

设置默认网卡IP为相同网段
修改:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0”文件如下:
DEVICE="eth0"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=x.x.x.x

DNS1=x.x.x.x
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"

 

设置参数: 
default-lease-time 时间:租约时间 
max-lease-time 时间:最长租约时间 
option domain-name “域名”:设置DHCP客户端resolve.conf内解析用的域名 
option domain-name-servers IP1, IP2:设置DHCP客户端resolve.confneo的IP 
 option routers:设置路由信息 
 声明IP地址池和相关配置: 
subnet NETWORK_IP netmask NETMASK_IP { 
range IP1 IP2;设置IP范围 
host 主机名 { //静态IP设置 
hardware ethernert 硬件地址; 
fixed-address IP; 
}; 
}

 

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