centos7.6通过oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall安装oracle12R2官方建议参数

oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall安装oracle12R2官方建议参数

   入职新坑使用的都是oracle12C,决定好好的研究下，oracle数据库版本升级太快，现在官网已经到了oracle 19C，现在oracle12c也慢慢的被大家认可，一些新特性也很实用，今天把oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall安装oracle12c官方参数分享给大家。详细的安装过程我会发在另一篇文章中。

首先我们要知道oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall为我们做了什么

（1）自动安装oracle所需的RPM包

（2）自动创建oracle用户和dba、oinstall组

（3）自动配置/etc/sysctl.conf内核参数

（4）自动配置/etc/security/limits.conf参数

（5）关闭NUMA=OFF   （关闭非一致内存访问）

（6）关闭NOZEROCONF=yes

（7）修改系统启动版本信息

稍后我会贴上oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall更改的日志

在centos 7.6 安装oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall过程如下：

1，配置合适的yum源，需要oracle 提供的yum源，同时我也配好了阿里的镜像源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/oracle.repo http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum clean all
yum makecache

2，安装oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall

yum -y install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall

报错GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle"

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/oracle.repo
把gpgcheck=1，改为gpgcheck=0

继续执行：yum -y install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall

Transaction check error:
  file /usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/90-default.preset from install of redhat-release-server-1:7.8-2.0.1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
  file /etc/os-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
  file /etc/redhat-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
  file /etc/rpm/macros.dist from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
  file /etc/system-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
  file /etc/system-release-cpe from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64

 

报错 oracle需要redhat版本信息，因为oracle官方要求使用redhat，我们删除centos版本信息

rpm -e --nodeps centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64

版本信息由centos变成了redhat
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@localhost packages]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.8 (Maipo)

继续执行：yum -y install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall

安装成功

执行日志

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/results/
[root@localhost results]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5918 Jun 30 18:29 orakernel.log
[root@localhost results]# cat orakernel.log 
Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba with gid 54322
Adding group oper with gid 54323
Adding group backupdba with gid 54324
Adding group dgdba with gid 54325
Adding group kmdba with gid 54326
Adding group racdba with gid 54330
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary groups oinstall,dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba and  home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for user - oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
User creation passed 

Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf
Verifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for fs.file-max is
Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.sem is
Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.shmmni is
Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.shmall is
Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.shmmax is
Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is
Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.rmem_default is
Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.rmem_max is
Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.wmem_default is
Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.wmem_max is
Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is
Adding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is
Adding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for fs.aio-max-nr is
Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is
Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-sysctl.conf
Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups
Verification & setting of kernel parameters passed 

Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf

Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding oracle soft nofile  1024
Adding oracle hard nofile  65536
Adding oracle soft nproc  16384
Adding oracle hard nproc  16384
Adding oracle soft stack  10240
Adding oracle hard stack  32768
Adding oracle hard memlock  134217728
Adding oracle soft memlock  134217728
Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26
Verification & setting of user limits passed 

Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26...
Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"
new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"

old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"
new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"

Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
G_DIR=/boot/grub2
Default kernel is ->  3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Default saved_entry is -> CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
Default saved_entry_line is ->     linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 
Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26
Generating grub configuration file ...
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21452: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21452: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084.img
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21654: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21654: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
done
The saved kernel 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 is now at position - 0
Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
Altered file /etc/default/grub
Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.orabackup
Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26
Verification & setting of boot parameters passed 

Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...
Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup
Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network
Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed 

Disabling Transparent Hugepages. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Disabling defrag. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26 

官方建议参数

可以看到oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall已经把安装前的准备工作做好了，先将官方修改的参数贴在下面

• 创建用户

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)

• 修改sysctl.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for fs.file-max is 6815744
fs.file-max = 6815744

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128'
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096
kernel.shmmni = 4096

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64
kernel.shmall = 1073741824

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is 1 per Orabug 19212317
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144
net.core.rmem_default = 262144

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
 

• 修改limits.conf 

oracle12c 不在修改/etc/security/limits.conf而是启用/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024
oracle   soft   nofile    1024

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536
oracle   hard   nofile    65536

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 16384
# refer orabug15971421 for more info.
oracle   soft   nproc    16384

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB
oracle   soft   stack    10240

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB
oracle   hard   stack    32768

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for memlock hard limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90 % of RAM
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728

# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for memlock soft limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90% of RAM
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

• 修改network

[root@localhost ~]#  cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall : Add NOZEROCONF=yes
NOZEROCONF=yes

禁用ZEROCONF。ZEROCONF又被叫做 IPv4 Link-Local (IPv4LL)和 Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)。它是一个动态配置协议，系统可以通过它来连接到网络。官方On Oracle Linux/Redhat Linux, "NOZEROCONF=yes" must be included in /etc/sysconfig/network，注意：但是在RAC 和 Oracle Clusterware 最佳实践和初学者指南 (Linux) (Doc ID 1525820.1)中，并没有NOZEROCONF的描述。

• 修改grub

[root@localhost limits.d]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

关闭 NUMA=OFF；NUMA（Non-Uniform Memory Access）CPU亲和策略导致的内存分配不平均，所以oracle官方建议关闭NUMA

• 修改 kernel boot parameters

[root@localhost ~]# cd /boot/grub2
[root@localhost grub2]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   64 Jun 30 17:54 device.map
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   25 Jun 30 17:54 fonts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4314 Jun 30 18:29 grub.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4253 Jun 30 18:29 grub.cfg-oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.orabackup
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1024 Jun 30 18:29 grubenv
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 8192 Jun 30 17:54 i386-pc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 30 17:54 locale
[root@localhost grub2]# cat grub.cfg
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
set pager=1

if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="${saved_entry}"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

terminal_output console
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
  set timeout_style=menu
  set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
  set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
set tuned_params=""
set tuned_initrd=""
### END /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then
  source ${prefix}/user.cfg
  if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
    set superusers="root"
    export superusers
    password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/01_users ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Oracle Linux Server (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7.8' --class oracle --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64-advanced-37a21a5c-ba34-449e-9d9b-4ce20615eefb' {
    load_video
    set gfxpayload=keep
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos1'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never 
    initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'Oracle Linux Server (0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084) 7.8' --class oracle --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084-advanced-37a21a5c-ba34-449e-9d9b-4ce20615eefb' {
    load_video
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod xfs
    set root='hd0,msdos1'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d
    fi
    linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never 
    initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084.img
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
重启发现启动界面已经替换为 Oracle linux server 7.8 ,这是因为kernel版本3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64在oracle linux和redhat 中是7.8版本。这一步好像无关痛痒，手动配置时可以忽略。

可以看出oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall 修改了很多系统配置为oracle数据库运行提供支持

我们在自己安装的时候可以参考官方给的参数数据。

 

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