ActiveMQ简述--源自技术
概述
ActiveMQ是Apache所提供的一个开源的消息系统，完全采用Java来实现，因此，它能很好地支持J2EE提出的JMS（Java Message Service,即Java消息服务）规范。JMS是一组Java应用程序接口，它提供消息的创建、发送、读取等一系列服务。JMS提供了一组公共应用程序接口和响应的语法，类似于Java数据库的统一访问接口JDBC,它是一种与厂商无关的API，使得Java程序能够与不同厂商的消息组件很好地进行通信。
JMS支持两种消息发送和接收模型。一种称为P2P(Ponit to Point)模型，即采用点对点的方式发送消息。P2P模型是基于队列的，消息生产者发送消息到队列，消息消费者从队列中接收消息，队列的存在使得消息的异步传输称为可能，P2P模型在点对点的情况下进行消息传递时采用。
另一种称为Pub/Sub(Publish/Subscribe，即发布-订阅)模型，发布-订阅模型定义了如何向一个内容节点发布和订阅消息，这个内容节点称为topic(主题)。主题可以认为是消息传递的中介，消息发布这将消息发布到某个主题，而消息订阅者则从主题订阅消息。主题使得消息的订阅者与消息的发布者互相保持独立，不需要进行接触即可保证消息的传递，发布-订阅模型在消息的一对多广播时采用。
ActiveMQ的安装
下载最新的安装包apache-activemq-5.13.2-bin.tar.gz（此包linux下的，案例也是针对linux系统进行阐述，当然ActiveMQ也有win版的，这里就不赘述了），可以去官网下载，也可以在下方留言区留下你的邮箱，博主会发给你的~
下载之后解压： tar -zvxf apache-activemq-5.13.2-bin.tar.gz
ActiveMQ目录内容有：
- bin目录包含ActiveMQ的启动脚本
- conf目录包含ActiveMQ的所有配置文件
- data目录包含日志文件和持久性消息数据
- example: ActiveMQ的示例
- lib: ActiveMQ运行所需要的lib
- webapps: ActiveMQ的web控制台和一些相关的demo
运行命令：activemq start（在activemq/bin下运行）
INFO: Loading '/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//bin/env'
INFO: Using java '/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk/bin/java'
INFO: Starting - inspect logfiles specified in logging.properties and log4j.properties to get details
INFO: pidfile created : '/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//data/activemq.pid' (pid '986')- 1
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查看activemq是否运行命令：ps -aux | grep activemq
shr 986 1.2 9.7 1281720 201936 pts/5 Sl 19:43 0:17 /users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk/bin/java -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.properties -Djava.security.auth.login.config=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf/login.config -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.io.tmpdir=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//tmp -Dactivemq.classpath=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf:/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//../lib/: -Dactivemq.home=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.base=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.conf=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf -Dactivemq.data=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//data -jar /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//bin/activemq.jar start
shr 1501 0.0 0.0 5176 724 pts/5 S+ 20:06 0:00 grep activemq- 1
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关闭命令： activemq stop
INFO: Loading '/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//bin/env'
INFO: Using java '/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk/bin/java'
INFO: Waiting at least 30 seconds for regular process termination of pid '986' :
Java Runtime: Oracle Corporation 1.7.0_79 /users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
Heap sizes: current=63232k free=62218k max=932096k
JVM args: -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.properties -Djava.security.auth.login.config=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf/login.config -Dactivemq.classpath=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf:/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//../lib/: -Dactivemq.home=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.base=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.conf=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf -Dactivemq.data=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//data
Extensions classpath:
[/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/camel,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/optional,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/web,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/extra]
ACTIVEMQ_HOME: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2
ACTIVEMQ_BASE: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2
ACTIVEMQ_CONF: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/conf
ACTIVEMQ_DATA: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/data
Connecting to pid: 986
..Stopping broker: localhost
.. TERMINATED
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ActiveMQ的默认服务端口为61616，这个可以在conf/activemq.xml配置文件中修改：
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61616?maximumConnections=1000&wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
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案例
在下载的apache-activemq-5.13.2-bin.tar.gz包中解压有一个jar包：activemq-all-5.13.2.jar，引入这个jar到你的项目中即可开始编写案例代码。
博主的activemq服务器地址为10.10.195.187，这个在下面代码中会有体现。
按照JMS的规范，我们首先需要获得一个JMS connection factory.，通过这个connection factory来创建connection.在这个基础之上我们再创建session, destination, producer和consumer。因此主要的几个步骤如下：
- 获得JMS connection factory. 通过我们提供特定环境的连接信息来构造factory。
- 利用factory构造JMS connection
- 启动connection
- 通过connection创建JMS session.
- 指定JMS destination.
- 创建JMS producer或者创建JMS message并提供destination.
- 创建JMS consumer或注册JMS message listener.
- 发送和接收JMS message.
- 关闭所有JMS资源，包括connection, session, producer, consumer等。
下面来看代码举例（P2P式）。
通过Java实现的基于ActiveMQ的请求提交：
package com.zzh.activemq;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.ObjectMessage;
import javax.jms.Session;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class RequestSubmit
{
//消息发送者
private MessageProducer producer;
//一个发送或者接受消息的线程
private Session session;
public void init() throws Exception
{
//ConnectionFactory连接工厂，JMS用它创建连接
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
//Connection：JMS客户端到JMS Provider的连接，从构造工厂中得到连接对象
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//启动
connection.start();
//获取连接操作
session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination destinatin = session.createQueue("RequestQueue");
//得到消息生成（发送）者
producer = session.createProducer(destinatin);
//设置不持久化
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
}
public void submit(HashMap requestParam) throws Exception
{
ObjectMessage message = session.createObjectMessage(requestParam);
producer.send(message);
session.commit();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
RequestSubmit submit = new RequestSubmit();
submit.init();
HashMap requestParam = new HashMap();
requestParam.put("朱小厮", "zzh");
submit.submit(requestParam);
}
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创建Session时有两个非常重要的参数，第一个boolean类型的参数用来表示是否采用事务消息。如果是事务消息，对于的参数设置为true，此时消息的提交自动有comit处理，消息的回滚则自动由rollback处理。加入消息不是事务的，则对应的该参数设置为false，此时分为三种情况：
- Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE表示Session会自动确认所接收到的消息。
- Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE表示由客户端程序通过调用消息的确认方法来确认所接收到的消息。
- Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE使得Session将“懒惰”地确认消息，即不会立即确认消息，这样有可能导致消息重复投递。
提供Java实现的基于ActiveMQ的请求处理：
package com.zzh.activemq;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.ObjectMessage;
import javax.jms.Session;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class RequestProcessor
{
public void requestHandler(HashMap requestParam) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("requestHandler....."+requestParam.toString());
for(Map.Entry entry : requestParam.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination destination = session.createQueue("RequestQueue");
//消息消费（接收）者
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
RequestProcessor processor = new RequestProcessor();
while(true)
{
ObjectMessage message = (ObjectMessage) consumer.receive(1000);
if(null != message)
{
System.out.println(message);
HashMap requestParam = (HashMap) message.getObject();
processor.requestHandler(requestParam);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
}
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输出结果：
ActiveMQObjectMessage {commandId = 6, responseRequired = false, messageId = ID:hidden-PC-58748-1460550507055-1:1:1:1:1, originalDestination = null, originalTransactionId = null, producerId = ID:hidden-PC-58748-1460550507055-1:1:1:1, destination = queue://RequestQueue, transactionId = TX:ID:hidden-PC-58748-1460550507055-1:1:1, expiration = 0, timestamp = 1460550507333, arrival = 0, brokerInTime = 1460550505969, brokerOutTime = 1460550509143, correlationId = null, replyTo = null, persistent = false, type = null, priority = 4, groupID = null, groupSequence = 0, targetConsumerId = null, compressed = false, userID = null, content = org.apache.activemq.util.ByteSequence@74a456bb, marshalledProperties = null, dataStructure = null, redeliveryCounter = 0, size = 0, properties = null, readOnlyProperties = true, readOnlyBody = true, droppable = false, jmsXGroupFirstForConsumer = false}
requestHandler.....{朱小厮=zzh}
朱小厮:zzh- 1
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可以通过页面查看队列的使用情况，在浏览器中输入http://10.10.195.187:8161/admin/queues.jsp，用户名和密码都是：admin，看到以下页面： 
这个是在jetty服务器下跑的，可以修改conf/jetty.xml来修改相关jetty配置。
上面的例子是关于P2P模式的，不过有个不妥之处，就是没有资源的释放。下面举一个Pub/Sub模式的。
通过JMS创建ActiveMQ的topic，并给topic发送消息：
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.ObjectMessage;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.camel.Produce;
public class TopicRequest
{
//消息发送者
private MessageProducer producer;
//一个发送或者接受消息的线程
private Session session;
//Connection：JMS客户端到JMS Provider的连接
private Connection connection;
public void init() throws Exception
{
//ConnectionFactory连接工厂，JMS用它创建连接
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
//从构造工厂中得到连接对象
connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//启动
connection.start();
//获取连接操作
session = connection.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Topic topic = session.createTopic("MessageTopic");
producer = session.createProducer(topic);
//设置不持久化
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
}
public void submit(String mess) throws Exception
{
TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage();
message.setText(mess);
producer.send(message);
}
public void close()
{
try
{
if(session != null)
session.close();
if(producer != null)
producer.close();
if(connection !=null )
connection.close();
}
catch (JMSException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TopicRequest topicRequest = new TopicRequest();
topicRequest.init();
topicRequest.submit("I'm first");
topicRequest.close();
}
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消息发送到对应的topic后，需要将listener注册到需要订阅的topic上，以便能够接收该topic的消息：
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class TopicReceive
{
private MessageConsumer consumer;
private Session session;
public void init() throws Exception
{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
session = connection.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Topic topic = session.createTopic("MessageTopic");
consumer = session.createConsumer(topic);
consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener(){
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message)
{
TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) message;
System.out.println(tm);
try
{
System.out.println(tm.getText());
}
catch (JMSException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TopicReceive receive = new TopicReceive();
receive.init();
}
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输出结果：
ActiveMQTextMessage {commandId = 5, responseRequired = false, messageId = ID:hidden-PC-50073-1460597487065-1:1:1:1:1, originalDestination = null, originalTransactionId = null, producerId = ID:hidden-PC-50073-1460597487065-1:1:1:1, destination = topic://MessageTopic, transactionId = null, expiration = 0, timestamp = 1460597487308, arrival = 0, brokerInTime = 1460597487297, brokerOutTime = 1460597487298, correlationId = null, replyTo = null, persistent = false, type = null, priority = 4, groupID = null, groupSequence = 0, targetConsumerId = null, compressed = false, userID = null, content = org.apache.activemq.util.ByteSequence@2e4d3abf, marshalledProperties = null, dataStructure = null, redeliveryCounter = 0, size = 0, properties = null, readOnlyProperties = true, readOnlyBody = true, droppable = false, jmsXGroupFirstForConsumer = false, text = I'm first}
I'm first- 1
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