MySQL 利用停机冷备异地恢复并搭建主从复制
本文将从主库master停机冷备，然后在从库slave恢复并搭建主从复制。
1.主库停机冷备，数据目录为/mysqlData/data,日志目录为/mysqlLog/logs，参数文件为/etc/my.cnf
[root@master ~]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@master ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 4820 4761 0 16:29 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysql
--打包并传输，需要备份的文件为数据目录，redo log,undo log，ibdata，my.cnf
[root@master logs]# scp /tmp/data.tar.gz [email protected]:/tmp
[email protected]'s password:
data.tar.gz 100% 51MB 50.9MB/s 00:01
[root@master logs]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/tmp
[email protected]'s password:
my.cnf
--开启主库实例
2.从库利用冷备恢复
--将my.cnf放到/etc目录下，并修改server_id，避免与主库冲突
[root@slave mysqlData]# cp /tmp/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@slave mysqlData]# vi /etc/my.cnf
--解压冷备
[root@slave tmp]# tar -zxvf data.tar.gz -C /
mysqlData/data/
mysqlData/data/performance_schema/
...
--根据my.cnf创建相关目录
[root@slave data]# cat /etc/my.cnf
log-error=/mysqlLog/logs/error.log
datadir=/mysqlData/data
tmpdir=/mysqlData/tmp
[root@slave data]# mkdir -p /mysqlLog/logs
[root@slave data]# mkdir -p /mysqlData/tmp
[root@slave data]# chown mysql:mysql -R /etc/my.cnf
[root@slave data]# chown mysql:mysql -R /mysqlData/
[root@slave data]# chown mysql:mysql -R /mysqlLog/
--启动数据实例
[root@slave data]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.2019-05-07T08:59:25.993526Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/mysqlLog/logs/error.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql[FAILED]id).
[root@slave data]# cd /mysqlLog/logs/
[root@slave logs]# ls
[root@slave logs]# touch error.log
[root@slave logs]# chown mysql:mysql -R error.log
[root@slave logs]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@slave logs]# ls
error.log mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.index
3.配置主从复制
[root@master logs]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.017726
Position: 194
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys
Executed_Gtid_Set: f4859d1f-f82f-11e8-afbe-000c2999b048:1-382773
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--因为当前实例完全是从主库拷贝过来的，所以GTID相关信息都是准确的，无需再做设置，那么直接搭建主从关系试试
[root@slave data]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.204.128',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_user='repl',
-> master_password='sam123',
-> master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> show warnings;
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Note | 1759 | Sending passwords in plain text without SSL/TLS is extremely insecure. |
| Note | 1760 | Storing MySQL user name or password information in the master info repository is not secure and is therefore not recommended. Please consider using the USER and PASSWORD connection options for START SLAVE; see the 'START SLAVE Syntax' in the MySQL Manual for more information. |
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.204.128
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File:
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File:
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /mysqlData/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: f4859d1f-f82f-11e8-afbe-000c2999b048:1-382773
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.204.128
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File:
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File:
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1593
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 128
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /mysqlData/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 190507 17:05:28
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: f4859d1f-f82f-11e8-afbe-000c2999b048:1-382773
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--可以看到出现错误these UUIDs must be different for replication to work，也就是当前实例与主库实例的uuid是一样的，所以主从复制异常了。
--解决这个问题是因为冷备传输过来时，数据目录里有一个auto.cnf文件，里面记录着当前实例的uuid，如果这个文件一直存在，那么当前实例的uuid就会一直使用里面的值
[root@slave data]# ls
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 ibtmp1 master-slow.log private_key.pem sam slave-relay-bin.000001
ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 master.info mysql public_key.pem server-cert.pem slave-relay-bin.index
ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 master.log performance_schema relay-log.info server-key.pem sys
[root@slave data]# cat auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=f4859d1f-f82f-11e8-afbe-000c2999b048
--解决方法是把auto.cnf文件删除，重启实例即可，重启以后会重新生成该文件
[root@slave data]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@slave data]# ls
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 master.info mysql public_key.pem server-cert.pem slave-relay-bin.index
ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 master.log performance_schema relay-log.info server-key.pem sys
ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 master-slow.log private_key.pem sam slave-relay-bin.000001
[root@slave data]# rm -f auto.cnf
[root@slave data]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@slave data]# ls
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 ibtmp1 master-slow.log private_key.pem sam slave-relay-bin.000002 sys
ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 master.info mysql public_key.pem server-cert.pem slave-relay-bin.000003
ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 master.log performance_schema relay-log.info server-key.pem slave-relay-bin.index
[root@slave data]# cat auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=008d32b9-70a8-11e9-b377-000c29d2f92c
--开启复制，一切正常
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.204.128
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.017726
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.017726
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_Space: 574
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 128
Master_UUID: f4859d1f-f82f-11e8-afbe-000c2999b048
Master_Info_File: /mysqlData/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: f4859d1f-f82f-11e8-afbe-000c2999b048:1-382773
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)