python3.6操作mysql------pymysql

一、安装

    pip3 install pymysql

    #下载本地

    #解压到执行目录

    #python2，默认无pip命令，python3。

    #默认自带pip命令，在python3安装目录script，把script也要加到环境变量里

    (pip 是一个现代的，通用的 Python 包管理工具。提供了对 Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。)

包管理器还有：

    yum install xxxx

    apt_get install...

    brew install...

    easyinstall...

pymysql

    -专门用于操作mysqlpython模块

    -mysqldb（py3）

二、使用操作

1、执行SQL

#!/usr/bin/env pytho
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql

# 创建连接
conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1 ', charset=' utf8')
# 创建游标
cursor = conn.cursor()

# 执行SQL，并返回收影响行数
effect_row = cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )

# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数
#effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = '123' where nid = %s", (11,))

# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数,执行多次
#effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")])


# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据
conn.commit()

# 关闭游标
cursor.close()
# 关闭连接
conn.close()

注意：存在中文的时候，连接需要添加charset='utf8'，否则中文显示乱码。

2、获取查询数据

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )

# 获取剩余结果的第一行数据
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
# 获取剩余结果前n行数据
# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)

# 获取剩余结果所有数据
# row_3 = cursor.fetchall()

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

3、获取新创建数据自增ID

可以获取到最新自增的ID，也就是最后插入的一条数据ID

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
effect_row = cursor.executemany( "insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)" , [( "u3" , "u3pass" , "11113" ),( "u4" , "u4pass" , "22224" )])
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
#获取自增id
new_id = cursor.lastrowid
print new_id

4、移动游标

操作都是靠游标，那对游标的控制也是必须的

注：在fetch数据时按照顺序进行，可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置，如：

cursor.scroll( 1 ,mode = 'relative' ) # 相对当前位置移动
cursor.scroll( 2 ,mode = 'absolute' ) # 相对绝对位置移动

5、fetch数据类型

关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型，如果想要或者字典类型的数据，即：

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
#游标设置为字典类型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1　　 #{u'licnese': 213, u'user': '123', u'nid': 10, u'pass': '213'}

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

6、调用存储过程

a、调用无参存储过程

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
#游标设置为字典类型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#无参数存储过程
cursor.callproc( 'p2' )  #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()")

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1


conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

b、调用有参存储过程

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

cursor.callproc( 'p1' , args = ( 1 , 22 , 3 , 4 ))
#获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头
cursor.execute( "select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3" )  #{u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24}
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1


conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

三、关于pymysql防注入

 1、字符串拼接查询，造成注入

正常查询语句：

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1"
passwd = "u1pass"
#正常构造语句的情况
sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)
#sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' and pass='u1pass'
row_count = cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

构造注入语句：

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()

user = "u1' or '1'-- "
passwd = "u1pass"
sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)

#拼接语句被构造成下面这样，永真条件，此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。
#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass'

row_count = cursor.execute(sql)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1


conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

 

 2、避免注入，使用pymysql提供的参数化语句

正常参数化查询

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1"
passwd = "u1pass"
#执行参数化查询
row_count = cursor.execute( "select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s" ,(user,passwd))
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

构造注入，参数化查询注入失败。

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()

user = "u1' or '1'-- "
passwd = "u1pass"
#执行参数化查询
row_count = cursor.execute( "select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s" ,(user,passwd))
#内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句，对特殊字符进行了加\转义，避免注入语句生成。
# sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
# print sql
#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1\' or \'1\'-- ' and pass='u1pass'被转义的语句。

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

结论：excute执行SQL语句的时候，必须使用参数化的方式，否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。

3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入

使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入，动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。

delimiter \\
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql (
  in nid1 INT ,
  in nid2 INT ,
  in callsql VARCHAR( 255 )
  )
BEGIN
  set @nid1 = nid1;
  set @nid2 = nid2;
  set @callsql = callsql;
    PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;
- -   PREPARE prod FROM 'select * from tb2 where nid>? and nid ;  传入的值为字符串，？为占位符
- -   用@p1，和@p2填充占位符
    EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2;
  DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;

END\\
delimiter ;

set @nid1 = 12 ;
set @nid2 = 15 ;
set @callsql = 'select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid ;
CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)

pymsql中调用

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
mysql = "select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid
cursor.callproc( 'proc_sql' , args = ( 11 , 15 , mysql))

rows = cursor.fetchall()
print rows #((12, 'u1', 'u1pass', 11111), (13, 'u2', 'u2pass', 22222), (14, 'u3', 'u3pass', 11113))
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

四、使用with简化连接过程

每次都连接关闭很麻烦，使用上下文管理，简化连接过程

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql
import contextlib
#定义上下文管理器，连接后自动关闭连接
@contextlib .contextmanager
def mysql(host = '127.0.0.1' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = ' ', db=' tkq1 ',charset=' utf8'):
  conn = pymysql.connect(host = host, port = port, user = user, passwd = passwd, db = db, charset = charset)
  cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
  try :
    yield cursor
  finally :
    conn.commit()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

# 执行sql
with mysql() as cursor:
  print (cursor)
  row_count = cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )
  row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
  print row_count, row_1