在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求,从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据,其中包括一些图片资源,本demo模拟了这个需求,从网络上加载XML资源,其中包括图片,我们要做的解析XML里面的数据,并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面,并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView,demo运行效果见下图:
通过这个demo,要学会有一下几点
1.怎么解析一个XML
2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的?
3.AsyncTask类的使用,因为要去异步的加载数据,就必须开启线程,但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量,线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题,这个类里面封装了线程池的技术,从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源
4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用
下面是demo中的Activity。
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0;
private ListView mListView;
private MyContactAdapter mAdapter;
private File cache;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
if(msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){
List contacts = (List) msg.obj;
mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);
mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
};
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
//创建缓存目录,系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的,
cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache");
if(!cache.exists()){
cache.mkdirs();
}
//获取数据,主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的,所以启动子线程来做
new Thread(){
public void run() {
ContactService service = new ContactService();
List contacts = null;
try {
contacts = service.getContactAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//子线程通过Message对象封装信息,并且用初始化好的,
//Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中,从而达到更新UI主线程的目的
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;
msg.obj = contacts;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
};
}.start();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//清空缓存
File[] files = cache.listFiles();
for(File file :files){
file.delete();
}
cache.delete();
}
}
Activity中,注意以下几点,
public class ContactService {
/*
* 从服务器上获取数据
*/
public List getContactAll() throws Exception {
List contacts = null;
String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml";
URL url = new URL(Parth);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
// 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析
contacts = xmlParser(is);
return contacts;
} else {
return null;
}
}
// 这里并没有下载图片下来,而是把图片的地址保存下来了
private List xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {
List contacts = null;
Contact contact = null;
XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8");
int eventType = parser.getEventType();
while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
switch (eventType) {
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
if (parser.getName().equals("contacts")) {
contacts = new ArrayList();
} else if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
contact = new Contact();
contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
} else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {
contact.setName(parser.nextText());
} else if (parser.getName().equals("image")) {
contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
}
break;
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
contacts.add(contact);
}
break;
}
}
return contacts;
}
/*
* 从网络上获取图片,如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿,如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片
* 这里的path是图片的地址
*/
public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {
String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("."));
File file = new File(cache, name);
// 如果图片存在本地缓存目录,则不去服务器下载
if (file.exists()) {
return Uri.fromFile(file);//Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI
} else {
// 从网络上获取图片
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setDoInput(true);
if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
is.close();
fos.close();
// 返回一个URI对象
return Uri.fromFile(file);
}
}
return null;
}
}
public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0;
private Context context;
private List contacts;
private File cache;
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
// 自己定义的构造函数
public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List contacts, File cache) {
this.context = context;
this.contacts = contacts;
this.cache = cache;
mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return contacts.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return contacts.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// 1获取item,再得到控件
// 2 获取数据
// 3绑定数据到item
View view = null;
if (convertView != null) {
view = convertView;
} else {
view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null);
}
ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);
TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
Contact contact = contacts.get(position);
// 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTask
asyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);
tv_name.setText(contact.name);
return view;
}
private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {
ContactService service = new ContactService();
AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);
task.execute(path);
}
private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask {
private ContactService service;
private ImageView iv_header;
public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) {
this.service = service;
this.iv_header = iv_header;
}
// 后台运行的子线程子线程
@Override
protected Uri doInBackground(String... params) {
try {
return service.getImageURI(params[0], cache);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
// 这个放在在ui线程中执行
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Uri result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
// 完成图片的绑定
if (iv_header != null && result != null) {
iv_header.setImageURI(result);
}
}
}
/**
* 采用普通方式异步的加载图片
*/
/*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {
final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {
Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;
if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {
iv_header.setImageURI(uri);
}
}
}
};
// 子线程,开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片,并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ContactService service = new ContactService();
try {
//这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URI
Uri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;
msg.obj = uri;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
new Thread(runnable).start();
}*/
}
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public class MD5 {
public static String getMD5(String content) {
try {
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
digest.update(content.getBytes());
return getHashString(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : digest.digest()) {
builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4) & 0xf));
builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf));
}
return builder.toString();
}
}
以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类,通过这个demo,可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理,所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程,handler机制,或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能。