多线程（6）-同步工具Semaphere，CyclicBarrier，CountDownLatch，Exchanger

多线程的同步工具Semaphere，CyclicBarrier，CountDownLatch，Exchanger的使用介绍

Semaphere信号灯

new Semaphere（3）创建出来就是三盏灯的意思，

线程只要拿到许可就可以执行，执行完可以释放灯；上代码

public class SemaphoreTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final  Semaphore sp = new Semaphore(3);
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
					public void run(){
					try {
						sp.acquire();
					} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
						e1.printStackTrace();
					}
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
							"进入，当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发");
					try {
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
							"即将离开");					
					sp.release();
					//下面代码有时候执行不准确，因为其没有和上面的代码合成原子单元
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
							"已离开，当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发");					
				}
			};
			service.execute(runnable);			
		}
	}

}

此时允许的最大并发是3，sp.acquire()是获取信号灯，sp.release()是释放灯。

 

CyclicBarrier路障

这个工具类理解成路障，可反复使用，当各自线程完成各自的任务时，所有都完成了，则会触发路障，继续走下面的代码；

上代码

public class CyclicBarrierTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final  CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(3);
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
			Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
					public void run(){
					try {
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"即将到达集合地点1，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()+1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));						
						cb.await();
						
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"即将到达集合地点2，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()+1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
						cb.await();	
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"即将到达集合地点3，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting() + 1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));						
						cb.await();						
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}				
				}
			};
			service.execute(runnable);
		}
		service.shutdown();
	}
}

工作中还没用过，先写出来。

CountDownLatch发令枪

相当于计数器，计数器归于0时，发令枪一声令响，所有线程往下面运行；发令枪可以在测试并发的时候派上用场；

首先是三个线程等待结果，计时器为0 时三个线程一起跑；

然后是裁判等待三个线程全部到达，计时器为0公布成绩；用到两个计时器CountDownLatch

上代码

public class CountdownLatchTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final CountDownLatch cdOrder = new CountDownLatch(1);
		final CountDownLatch cdAnswer = new CountDownLatch(3);		
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
			Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
					public void run(){
					try {
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"正准备接受命令");						
						cdOrder.await();
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
						"已接受命令");								
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"回应命令处理结果");						
						cdAnswer.countDown();						
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}				
				}
			};
			service.execute(runnable);
		}		
		try {
			Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
		
			System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"即将发布命令");						
			cdOrder.countDown();
			System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
			"已发送命令，正在等待结果");	
			cdAnswer.await();
			System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
			"已收到所有响应结果");	
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}				
		service.shutdown();

	}
}

上述例子写多了，把裁判的例子去掉可能会更加简单点；

Exchanger交换者

这个可以交换两个线程的结果，很有意思，但是不知道哪里可以用到，一手交钱一手交货。

上代码

public class ExchangerTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
		service.execute(new Runnable(){
			public void run() {
				try {
					String data1 = "zxx";
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
					Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
					String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"换回的数据为" + data2);
				}catch(Exception e){
				}
			}	
		});
		service.execute(new Runnable(){
			public void run() {
				try {
					String data1 = "lhm";
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
					Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));					
					String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"换回的数据为" + data2);
				}catch(Exception e){
				}				
			}	
		});		
	}
}

 

上述代码是参考的张孝祥老师的代码。在此向老师致敬！