五种Spring事务配置的方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    < bean  id = "sessionFactory"
            class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property  name = "configLocation"  value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"  />
        < property  name = "configurationClass"  value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionManager"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >


    < bean  id = "userDaoTarget"  class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "userDao"
        class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >

           < property  name = "transactionManager"  ref = "transactionManager"  />
        < property  name = "target"  ref = "userDaoTarget"  />
         < property  name = "proxyInterfaces"  value = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"  />

        < property  name = "transactionAttributes" >
            < props >
                < prop  key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED prop >
            props >
        property >
    bean >
beans >

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    < bean  id = "sessionFactory"
            class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property  name = "configLocation"  value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"  />
        < property  name = "configurationClass"  value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionManager"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionBase"
            class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
            lazy-init = "true"  abstract = "true" >

        < property  name = "transactionManager"  ref = "transactionManager"  />

        < property  name = "transactionAttributes" >
            < props >
                < prop  key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED prop >
            props >
        property >
    bean >


    < bean  id = "userDaoTarget"  class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "userDao"  parent = "transactionBase"  >
        < property  name = "target"  ref = "userDaoTarget"  />
    bean >
beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    < bean  id = "sessionFactory"
            class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property  name = "configLocation"  value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"  />
        < property  name = "configurationClass"  value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionManager"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionInterceptor"
        class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
        < property  name = "transactionManager"  ref = "transactionManager"  />

        < property  name = "transactionAttributes" >
            < props >
                < prop  key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED prop >
            props >
        property >
    bean >

    < bean  class = "org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
        < property  name = "beanNames" >
            < list >
                < value >*Dao value >
            list >
        property >
        < property  name = "interceptorNames" >
            < list >
                < value >transactionInterceptor value >
            list >
        property >
    bean >


    < bean  id = "userDao"  class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >
beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    < context:annotation-config  />
    < context:component-scan  base-package = "com.bluesky"  />
    < bean  id = "sessionFactory"
            class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property  name = "configLocation"  value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"  />
        < property  name = "configurationClass"  value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionManager"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >
    < tx:advice  id = "txAdvice"  transaction-manager = "transactionManager" >
        < tx:attributes >
            < tx:method  name = "*"  propagation = "REQUIRED"  />
        tx:attributes >
    tx:advice >

    < aop:config >
        < aop:pointcut  id = "interceptorPointCuts"
            expression = "execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"  />
        < aop:advisor  advice-ref = "txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref = "interceptorPointCuts"  />
    aop:config >
beans >

第五种方式：全注解

xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    < context:annotation-config  />
    < context:component-scan  base-package = "com.bluesky"  />
    < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager = "transactionManager" />
    < bean  id = "sessionFactory"
            class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property  name = "configLocation"  value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"  />
        < property  name = "configurationClass"  value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"  />
    bean >

    < bean  id = "transactionManager"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property  name = "sessionFactory"  ref = "sessionFactory"  />
    bean >

beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package  com.bluesky.spring.dao;
import  java.util.List;
import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import  com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component ( "userDao" )
public  class  UserDaoImpl  extends  HibernateDaoSupport  implements  UserDao {
    public  List listUsers() {
        return  this .getSession().createQuery( "from User" ).list();
    }

}

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