在Android中,使用摄像头拍照一般有两种方法, 一种是调用系统自带的Camera,另一种是自己写一个摄像的界面。
我们要添加如下权限:(在Androidmanifest.xml文件中添加权限)
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1、调用系统Camera
调用系统自带的Camera主要的步骤为:
(1)构造图片存储的路径名
(2)使用Intent启动Camera Activity
(3)将拍摄的图片写入到文件
(4)将图片显示在MainActivity中
首先,构造图片名:
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File filePath =
new
File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
"myCamera"
);
if
(!filePath.exists()){
filePath.mkdirs();
}
fileName =
new
File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +
".jpg"
);
try
{
if
(!fileName.exists()){
fileName.createNewFile();
}
}
catch
(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
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然后,启动Camera Activity:
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// intent用来启动系统自带的Camera
Intent intent =
new
Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// 将系统Camera的拍摄结果写入到文件
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(fileName));
// 启动intent对应的Activity,返回默认消息
startActivityForResult(intent, Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER);
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最后,将图片显示在MainActivity内。这时,我们通过重载onActivityResult()方法来获取Camera返回的消息。
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@Override
protected
void
onActivityResult(
int
requestCode,
int
resultCode, Intent data){
if
(requestCode == Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER){
// MainActivity接收Camera返回的消息,然后将已经写入的图片显示在ImageView内
imageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(fileName));
}
}
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完整代码为:
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import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.net.Uri;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.os.Environment;
import
android.provider.MediaStore;
import
android.util.Log;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.Button;
import
android.widget.ImageView;
import
java.io.File;
public
class
MainActivity
extends
Activity {
private
File fileName =
null
;
private
Button button;
private
ImageView imageView;
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
imageView = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView);
button.setOnClickListener(
new
View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
File filePath =
new
File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
"myCamera"
);
if
(!filePath.exists()){
filePath.mkdirs();
}
fileName =
new
File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +
".jpg"
);
try
{
if
(!fileName.exists()){
fileName.createNewFile();
}
}
catch
(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
// intent用来启动系统自带的Camera
Intent intent =
new
Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// 将系统Camera的拍摄结果写入到文件
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(fileName));
// 启动intent对应的Activity,返回默认消息
startActivityForResult(intent, Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER);
}
});
}
@Override
protected
void
onActivityResult(
int
requestCode,
int
resultCode, Intent data){
if
(requestCode == Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER){
// MainActivity接收Camera返回的消息,然后将已经写入的图片显示在ImageView内
imageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(fileName));
}
}
}
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2、自己写一个摄像界面
自己写摄像的界面,主要应用了SurfaceView来显示摄像机的画面。然后通过一个Button来保存当前的画面。
同样的,我们需要添加camera和SDCard权限:
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首先,我们初始化这个SurfaceView,为这个SurfaceView添加一个对应的Callback即可:
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private
SurfaceView surfaceView;
private
SurfaceHolder.Callback callback;
surfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
callback =
new
SurfaceHolder.Callback(){
@Override
public
void
surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
startCamera();
// 用于启动摄像头
}
@Override
public
void
surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder,
int
format,
int
width,
int
height) {
}
@Override
public
void
surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
stopCamera();
// 用于关闭摄像头
}
};
surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(callback);
// 将Callback绑定到SurfaceView
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在启动摄像头的时候,首先打开摄像头连接,然后将其图像输出到SurfaceView上,然后启动摄像头预览即可在SurfaceView上显示摄像头的画面,这里的画面和实际画面相差有90度,所以我们需要将图像旋转90度之后才可以和拍摄的物体方向一致。
在关闭摄像头时,只要停止预览,然后释放摄像头资源即可。
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public
void
startCamera(){
camera = Camera.open();
try
{
camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());
camera.setDisplayOrientation(
90
);
camera.startPreview();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public
void
stopCamera(){
camera.stopPreview();
camera.release();
camera =
null
;
}
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最后,是将拍摄到的图片保存到SDCard,我们单击Button来拍摄图片,调用Camera.takePicture()方法,其原型为:
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/**
* Equivalent to takePicture(shutter, raw, null, jpeg).
*
* @see #takePicture(ShutterCallback, PictureCallback, PictureCallback, PictureCallback)
*/
public
final
void
takePicture(ShutterCallback shutter, PictureCallback raw,
PictureCallback jpeg) {
takePicture(shutter, raw,
null
, jpeg);
}
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其中,shutter为按快门瞬间的回调,就是说按快门瞬间会调用ShutterCallback.onShutter()方法。raw是未压缩的图像的回调,即处理图像原始数据的时候会调用PictureCallback.onPictureTaken()方法。jpeg为处理JPEG图片时候的回调,即我们需要将图像数据按照jpg格式保存的时候会调用这个方法,PictureCallback.onPIctureTaken()。这里我们就调用了这个方法,从而将jpg图片存储到SDCard上。
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button.setOnClickListener(
new
View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
camera.takePicture(
null
,
null
,
new
Camera.PictureCallback() {
@Override
public
void
onPictureTaken(
byte
[] data, Camera camera) {
try
{
File filePath =
new
File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
"myCamera"
);
if
(!filePath.exists()) {
filePath.mkdirs();
}
File fileName =
new
File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +
".jpg"
);
fileName.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos =
new
FileOutputStream(fileName);
fos.write(data);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
});
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这样,我们便实现了用SurfaceView预览摄像头画面,点击Button将当前预览保存到SDCard中。
完整代码如下:
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import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.hardware.Camera;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.os.Environment;
import
android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import
android.view.SurfaceView;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.Button;
import
java.io.File;
import
java.io.FileOutputStream;
import
java.io.IOException;
public
class
MainActivity
extends
Activity {
private
Camera camera;
private
Button button;
private
SurfaceView surfaceView;
private
SurfaceHolder.Callback callback;
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
surfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
callback =
new
SurfaceHolder.Callback(){
@Override
public
void
surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
startCamera();
}
@Override
public
void
surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder,
int
format,
int
width,
int
height) {
}
@Override
public
void
surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
stopCamera();
}
};
surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(callback);
button.setOnClickListener(
new
View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
camera.takePicture(
null
,
null
,
new
Camera.PictureCallback() {
@Override
public
void
onPictureTaken(
byte
[] data, Camera camera) {
try
{
File filePath =
new
File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
"myCamera"
);
if
(!filePath.exists()) {
filePath.mkdirs();
}
File fileName =
new
File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +
".jpg"
);
fileName.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos =
new
FileOutputStream(fileName);
fos.write(data);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
});
}
public
void
startCamera(){
camera = Camera.open();
try
{
camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());
camera.setDisplayOrientation(
90
);
camera.startPreview();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public
void
stopCamera(){
camera.stopPreview();
camera.release();
camera =
null
;
}
}
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