现在有一只羊 tom,姓名为: tom, 年龄为:1,颜色为:白色,请编写程序创建和 tom 羊 属性完全相同的 10
只羊。
羊
public class Sheep {
private String name;
private int age;
private String color;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", color=" + color + "]";
}
}
传统方法:new出很多属性与第一只羊一模一样的的实例对象,sheep2、sheep3、sheep4…
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//传统的方法
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("tom", 1, "白色");
Sheep sheep2 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
Sheep sheep3 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
Sheep sheep4 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
Sheep sheep5 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
//....
System.out.println(sheep);
System.out.println(sheep2);
System.out.println(sheep3);
System.out.println(sheep4);
System.out.println(sheep5);
//...
}
}
思路:
Java 中 Object 类是所有类的根类,Object 类提供了一个 clone()方法,该方法可以将一个 Java 对象复制一份,但是需要实现 clone 的 Java 类必须要实现一个接口 Cloneable,该接口表示该类能够复制且具有复制的能力----->原型模式
原理结构图
原理结构图-说明
使用原型模式改进传统方式,让程序具有更高的效率和扩展性。
使Sheep继承Cloneable接口,并实现clone()方法,在clone()方法中进行对象实例的克隆
public class Sheep implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private String color;
private String address = "蒙古羊";
//是对象, 克隆是会如何处理
public Sheep friend;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", color=" + color + ", address=" + address + "]";
}
/**
* 克隆该实例,使用默认的clone方法来完成
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Object clone() {
Sheep sheep = null;
try {
sheep = (Sheep)super.clone();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return sheep;
}
}
测试
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("原型模式完成对象的创建");
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("tom", 1, "白色");
sheep.friend = new Sheep("jack", 2, "黑色");
Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
Sheep sheep5 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
System.out.println("sheep2 =" + sheep2 + "sheep2.friend=" + sheep2.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep3 =" + sheep3 + "sheep3.friend=" + sheep3.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep4 =" + sheep4 + "sheep4.friend=" + sheep4.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep5 =" + sheep5 + "sheep5.friend=" + sheep5.friend.hashCode());
}
}
Spring 中原型 bean 的创建,就是原型模式的应用
测试类
public class TestPrototype {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Monster monster = (Monster) context.getBean("monster");
Monster monster2 = (Monster) context.getBean("monster");
System.out.println(monster);
System.out.println(monster2);
System.out.println(monster==monster2);
}
}
Spring配置文件:bean的scope=singleton时
scopr=prototype时
测试类DeepProtoType:需要克隆的类
public class DeepProtoType implements Serializable, Cloneable{
public String name; //String 属性
public DeepCloneableTarget deepCloneableTarget;// 引用类型
public DeepProtoType() {
super();
}
/**
* 深拷贝 - 方式 1 使用clone 方法
*/
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object deep = null;
//这里完成对基本数据类型(属性)和String的克隆
deep = super.clone();
//对引用类型的属性,进行单独处理
DeepProtoType deepProtoType = (DeepProtoType)deep;
deepProtoType.deepCloneableTarget = (DeepCloneableTarget)deepCloneableTarget.clone();
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return deepProtoType;
}
/**
* 深拷贝 - 方式2 通过对象的序列化实现 (推荐)
*/
public Object deepClone() {
//创建流对象
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
//序列化
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this); //当前这个对象以对象流的方式输出
//反序列化
bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
DeepProtoType copyObj = (DeepProtoType)ois.readObject();
return copyObj;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
} finally {
//关闭流
try {
bos.close();
oos.close();
bis.close();
ois.close();
} catch (Exception e2) {
System.out.println(e2.getMessage());
}
}
}
}
DeepProtoType的成员变量DeepCloneableTarget
public class DeepCloneableTarget implements Serializable, Cloneable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String cloneName;
private String cloneClass;
/**
* 构造器
*/
public DeepCloneableTarget(String cloneName, String cloneClass) {
this.cloneName = cloneName;
this.cloneClass = cloneClass;
}
/**
* 因为该类的属性,都是String , 因此我们这里使用默认的clone完成即可
*/
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
测试深拷贝
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DeepProtoType p = new DeepProtoType();
p.name = "宋江";
p.deepCloneableTarget = new DeepCloneableTarget("大牛", "小牛");
//方式1 重写clone()
// DeepProtoType p2 = (DeepProtoType) p.clone();
// System.out.println("p.name=" + p.name + "p.deepCloneableTarget=" + p.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
// System.out.println("p2.name=" + p.name + "p2.deepCloneableTarget=" + p2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
// System.out.println(p==p2);
//方式2 使用序列化实现
DeepProtoType p2 = (DeepProtoType) p.deepClone();
System.out.println("p.name=" + p.name + "p.deepCloneableTarget=" + p.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
System.out.println("p2.name=" + p.name + "p2.deepCloneableTarget=" + p2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
System.out.println(p==p2);
}
}