Nand Flash调试日志（1）——时钟频率配置

在关于NAND Flash的调试中，首先是基于现搭的硬件来进行着相关的操作，以红牛板作为主要参考，辅助参考有①  nand_factory.c（此程序是利用寄存器进行配置，然而我的flash并没有相关的寄存器可以进行配置，只是提供了一种思路，但不具备此次的参考性） ② 0507_L_FIRMWARE文件夹里的四个EMI相关程序（主要是参考此来进行EMI的相关配置）。

1. 时钟频率配置

目标：将EMI＿BCLK的频率配置成96MHz。

时钟的频率见ARM芯片手册的时钟框图。

在PLL的设置中，以及从PLL沿伸出的各个外设频率都可以通过如下程序来进行配置。

此程序的操作的便利之处在于，当要调成其它的频率时，可以在参数中直接调用相应的case即可。

/*******************************************************************************
* Function Name  : ZCLK_Config
* Description    : Configures the Master clock and the Main system configuration
*                  and Clocks (FMI, PLL, RCLK, HCLK, PCLK and MCLK )
* Input          : MCLK_Clock can be :PLL_48,PLL_66,PLL_96,OSC_Clock,RTC_Clock.
* Output         : None
* Return         : None
* From           : 0507_L_Flash参考程序\en.stsw-str9010\FWLib\project\RVMDK
*******************************************************************************/
void ZCLK_Config (u8 ZCLK_Clock)
{
   SCU_MCLKSourceConfig(SCU_MCLK_OSC);	/* Default configuration */
    // 若没有此句，倍频分频的源头就没有配置完成！
    /*wait state insertion :This function should be executed from SRAM when*/
    /*booting from bank1 to avoid  Read-While-Write from the Same Bank.*/
   FMI_Config(FMI_READ_WAIT_STATE_2, FMI_WRITE_WAIT_STATE_0, FMI_PWD_ENABLE,\
                 FMI_LVD_ENABLE, FMI_FREQ_HIGH);/*Insert 2 Wait States for read*/
                                                
   SCU_PLLFactorsConfig(192, 25, 2); /* PLL factors Configuration based on*/
                                        /* a OSC/Crystal value = 25Mhz*/     
   SCU_PLLCmd(ENABLE);  /* PLL Enable and wait for Locking*/     
   SCU_RCLKDivisorConfig(SCU_RCLK_Div1); /* RCLK @96Mhz */
   SCU_HCLKDivisorConfig(SCU_HCLK_Div1); /* AHB @96Mhz */
   SCU_FMICLKDivisorConfig(SCU_FMICLK_Div1);/* FMI @96Mhz */
   SCU_PCLKDivisorConfig(SCU_PCLK_Div2); /* APB @48Mhz */
   SCU_MCLKSourceConfig(SCU_MCLK_PLL);  /* MCLK @96Mhz */     
}

---

PS：附上《nand_factory.c》的代码，可以作为学习提高使用。不需要的可以直接忽略。

#include "nand.h"
#include "stdio.h"

#define rNFCONF             ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xB0E00000) )
#define rNFCONT             ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xB0E00004) )
#define rNFCMMD             ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xB0E00008) )
#define rNFADDR             ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xB0E0000C) )
#define rNFDATA             ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xB0E00010) )
#define rNFDATA8            ( *((volatile unsigned char *)0xB0E00010) )
#define rNFSTAT             ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xB0E00028) )

#define rMP0_1CON       ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xE02002E0) )
#define rMP0_2CON       ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xE0200300) )
#define rMP0_3CON       ( *((volatile unsigned long *)0xE0200320) )

#define MAX_NAND_BLOCK                8192          /*定义nand最大块数：8192块  */
#define NAND_PAGE_SIZE                2048          /*定义一页的容量:2048 byte     */
#define NAND_BLOCK_SIZE               64            /*定义block大小：64页     */

#define TACLS                         1     // 12ns     /* 时序相关的设置          */
#define TWRPH0                        4
#define TWRPH1                        1

#define NAND_CMD_READ_1st             0x00          /* 命令                       */
#define NAND_CMD_READ_2st             0x30

#define NAND_CMD_READ_CB_1st          0x00
#define NAND_CMD_READ_CB_2st          0x35

#define NAND_CMD_RANDOM_WRITE         0x85
#define NAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_1st      0x05
#define NAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_2st      0xe0

#define NAND_CMD_READ_ID              0x90
#define NAND_CMD_RESET                0xff
#define NAND_CMD_READ_STATUS          0x70

#define NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_1st       0x80
#define NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_2st       0x10

#define NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_1st      0x60
#define NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_2st      0xd0


#define ECC_EN                        (1<<4)
#define CONTROL_EN                    (1<<0)


static void nand_reset(void);
static void nand_wait_idle(void);
static void nand_select_chip(void);
static void nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void nand_send_cmd(unsigned long cmd);
static void nand_send_addr(unsigned long addr);
static unsigned char nand_read8(void);
static void nand_write8(unsigned char data);
static unsigned int nand_read32(void);
static void nand_write32(unsigned int data);

typedef struct nand_id_info
{
    //marker code
    unsigned char IDm; 
    //device code
    unsigned char IDd; 
    unsigned char ID3rd;
    unsigned char ID4th;
    unsigned char ID5th;
}nand_id_info;

// 复位  
void nand_reset(void)
{
    nand_select_chip();
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_RESET);
    nand_wait_idle();
    nand_deselect_chip();
}

// 等待就绪  
void nand_wait_idle(void)
{
    unsigned long i;
    while( !(rNFSTAT & (1<<4)) )
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

// 发片选  
void nand_select_chip(void)
{
    unsigned long i;
    rNFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

// 取消片选  
void nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    unsigned long i = 0;
    rNFCONT |= (1<<1);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

// 发命令  
void nand_send_cmd(unsigned long cmd)
{
    unsigned long i = 0;

    rNFCMMD = cmd;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

// 发地址  
void nand_send_addr(unsigned long addr)
{
    unsigned long i;
    unsigned long col, row;

    // 列地址，即页内地址  
    col = addr % NAND_PAGE_SIZE;        
    // 行地址，即页地址             
    row = addr / NAND_PAGE_SIZE;

    // Column Address A0~A7  
    rNFADDR = col & 0xff;           
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);        

    // Column Address A8~A11  
    rNFADDR = (col >> 8) & 0x0f;        
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    // Row Address A12~A19 
    rNFADDR = row & 0xff;           
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    // Row Address A20~A27 
    rNFADDR = (row >> 8) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    // Row Address A28~A30 
    rNFADDR = (row >> 16) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

unsigned int nand_read32(void)
{
    return rNFDATA;
}

void nand_write32(unsigned int data)
{
    rNFDATA = data;
}

// 读一个字节的数据  
unsigned char nand_read8(void)
{
    return rNFDATA8;
}

// 写一个字节的数据  
void nand_write8(unsigned char data)
{
    rNFDATA8 = data;
}

unsigned char nand_read_status(void)
{
    unsigned char ch;
    int i;

    // 1. 发出片选信号  
    nand_select_chip();

    // 2. 读状态  
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_STATUS);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    ch = nand_read8();

    // 3. 取消片选  
    nand_deselect_chip();
    return ch;
}

// nandflash 初始化  
void nand_init(void)
{

    // 1. 配置nandflash  
    rNFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4)|(0<<3)|(0<<2)|(1<<1)|(0<<0);
    rNFCONT = (0<<18)|(0<<17)|(0<<16)|(0<<10)|(0<<9)|(0<<8)|(0<<7)|(0<<6)|(0x3<<1)|(1<<0);

    // 2. 配置引脚  
    rMP0_1CON = 0x22333322;
    rMP0_2CON = 0x00002222;
    rMP0_3CON = 0x22222222;

    // 3. 复位  
    nand_reset();
}

// 读芯片ID  
void nand_read_id(void)
{
    nand_id_info nand_id;
    // 1. 发片选  
    nand_select_chip();

    // 2. 读ID  
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_ID);
    nand_send_addr(0x00);
    nand_wait_idle();

    nand_id.IDm =   nand_read8();
    nand_id.IDd =   nand_read8();
    nand_id.ID3rd = nand_read8();
    nand_id.ID4th = nand_read8();
    nand_id.ID5th = nand_read8();

    printf("nandflash: makercode = %x\r\n devicecode = %x\r\n ID3rd = %x\r\n ID4rd = %x\r\n ID5rd = %x\r\n", nand_id.IDm, nand_id.IDd, nand_id.ID3rd, nand_id.ID4th, nand_id.ID5th);
    nand_deselect_chip();
}

// 擦除块，参数为块号（0 ~ MAX_NAND_BLOCK-1）  
int nand_block_erase(unsigned long block_num)
{
    unsigned long i = 0;
    // 获得row地址，即页地址  块号*大小
    unsigned long row = block_num * NAND_BLOCK_SIZE;

    // 1. 发出片选信号  
    nand_select_chip();
    // 2. 擦除：第一个周期发命令0x60，第二个周期发块地址，第三个周期发命令0xd0  
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_1st);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    // Row Address A12~A19 
    rNFADDR = row & 0xff;                           
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    // Row Address A20~A27  
    rNFADDR = (row >> 8) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    // Row Address A28~A30  
    rNFADDR = (row >> 16) & 0xff;   

    rNFSTAT |= (1<<4);          // clear RnB bit 

    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_2st);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    // 3. 等待就绪  
    nand_wait_idle();

    // 4. 读状态  
    unsigned char status = nand_read_status();
    if (status & 1 )
    {
        // statas[0] = 1，表示擦除失败，详见NAND Flash数据手册中 READ STATUS一节的描述
        // 取消片选信号  
        nand_deselect_chip();                       
        printf("masking bad block %d\r\n", block_num);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        // status[0] = 0，表示擦除成功，返回0
        nand_deselect_chip();
        return 0;
    }
}

int nand_erase(unsigned long block_addr)
{
    int i = 0;
    if((nand_read_status() & 0x80) == 0) 
    {
        printf("Write protected.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    unsigned long row = block_addr >> 18;
    // 1. 发出片选信号  
    nand_select_chip();
    // 2. 擦除：第一个周期发命令0x60，第二个周期发块地址，第三个周期发命令0xd0  
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_1st);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    // Row Address A12~A19 
    rNFADDR = row & 0xff;                           
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    // Row Address A20~A27  
    rNFADDR = (row >> 8) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    // Row Address A28~A30  
    rNFADDR = (row >> 16) & 0x01;   // 只要最低1bit为 A28
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    rNFSTAT |= (1<<4);          // clear RnB bit 

    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_2st);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    // 3. 等待就绪  
    nand_wait_idle();

    // 4. 读状态  
    unsigned char status = nand_read_status();
    if (status & 1)
    {
        // statas[0] = 1，表示擦除失败，详见NAND Flash数据手册中 READ STATUS一节的描述
        // 取消片选信号  
        nand_deselect_chip();                       
        printf("masking bad block %d\r\n", block_addr);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        // status[0] = 0，表示擦除成功，返回0
        nand_deselect_chip();
        return 0;
    }
}

// 从nand中读数据到sdram  
int copy_nand_to_sdram(unsigned char *sdram_addr, unsigned long nand_addr, unsigned long length)
{
    unsigned long i = 0;

    // 1. 发出片选信号  
    nand_select_chip();

    // 2. 从nand读数据到sdram，第一周期发命令0x00，第二周期发地址nand_addr,第三个周期发命令0x30，可读一页(2k)的数据  
    while(length)
    {
        nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_1st);
        nand_send_addr(nand_addr);
        rNFSTAT = (rNFSTAT)|(1<<4);
        nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_2st);
        nand_wait_idle();

        // 列地址，即页内地址  
        unsigned long col = nand_addr % NAND_PAGE_SIZE;
        i = col;
        // 读一页数据，每次拷1byte，共拷2048次(2k)，直到长度为length的数据拷贝完毕 
        for(; i>8)&0xff;
    rNFADDR = (pgaddr>>16)&0xff;

    // 4 clear RnB
    rNFSTAT |= (1<<4);

    // 5  写页读命令2st 
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_2st);

    // 6 等待空闲
    nand_wait_idle();

    // 7 连续读取2KB的Page main区数据 （继续读取可读出64B的spare area数据）
    for (i=0; (i>8)&0xff;
    rNFADDR = (pgaddr>>16)&0xff;

    // 4 clear RnB
    rNFSTAT |= (1<<4);

    // 5  写页读命令2st 
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_2st);

    // 6 等待空闲
    nand_wait_idle();

    // 7 连续读取2KB的Page main区数据 （继续读取可读出64B的spare area数据）
    for (i=0; (i>8)&0xff;
    rNFADDR = (pgaddr>>16)&0xff;

    // 4 写入一页内容
    for(; i>8)&0xff;
    rNFADDR = (pgaddr>>16)&0xff;
    rNFSTAT |= (1<<4);
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_READ_2st);
    nand_wait_idle();

    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_1st);
    //写入页内偏移地址
    rNFADDR = offset&0xff;                          
    rNFADDR = (offset>>8)&0xff;
    rNFSTAT = (rNFSTAT)|(1<<4);
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_2st);

    readdata = nand_read8();

    // 3. 读状态  
    unsigned char status = nand_read_status();
    if (status & 1 )// 取消片选信号  
    {

        nand_deselect_chip();
        printf("nand random read fail\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else //读取失败取消片选信号
    {
        nand_deselect_chip();
        *data = readdata;
        return 0;
    }
}/*
 * 函数功能：    随机写数据
 * 参数：      pgaddr 为页地址, offset为页内偏移地址，wrdata为要写入的数据
 * 返回值：     0表示写入成功，1表示写入失败
 * 测试结论：    1、random write一次只能写入一个字节，因此内部只能使用 nand_write8，使用nand_write32就会出错
*/ 
int nand_random_write(unsigned long pgaddr,unsigned short offset,unsigned char wrdata)
{
    // 1. 发出片选信号  
    nand_select_chip();
    // 2. 随机写页内某个地址的值  
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_1st);
    rNFADDR = 0;
    rNFADDR = 0;
    rNFADDR = pgaddr&0xff;
    rNFADDR = (pgaddr>>8)&0xff;
    rNFADDR = (pgaddr>>16)&0xff;
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_RANDOM_WRITE);
    //写入页内偏移地址
    rNFADDR = offset&0xff;                  
    rNFADDR = (offset>>8)&0xff;
    nand_write8(wrdata);
    rNFSTAT = (rNFSTAT)|(1<<4);
    nand_send_cmd(NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_2st);
    nand_wait_idle();

    // 3. 读状态  
    unsigned char status = nand_read_status();
    if (status & 1 )// 取消片选信号  
    {
        // 取消片选信号  
        nand_deselect_chip();
        printf("nand random write fail\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else //失败取消片选信号
    {
        nand_deselect_chip();
        return 0;
    }
}


// nand_test 使用的是BLOCK_NO块中的首页
#define BLOCK_NO    10
#define PAGE_NO     (BLOCK_NO * NAND_BLOCK_SIZE)
#define PAGE_ADDR   (PAGE_NO * NAND_PAGE_SIZE)


#define OFFSET0 4
#define OFFSET1 5
#define OFFSET2 6
#define OFFSET3 7

void nand_test(void)
{
    int ret = 0;
    unsigned char data1, data2, data3, data4;
    unsigned char buf[8];
    unsigned int bufInt[2];

    nand_init();
    nand_read_id();


    #if 0
    // 得先擦除才能写
    if ((ret = nand_erase(PAGE_ADDR)) == 0)
        printf("success to erase block %d\r\n", BLOCK_NO);
    else
        printf("fail to erase block %d\r\n", BLOCK_NO);
    #endif


    // 先给random写4个byte
    #if 1
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET0, 'a');
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET1, 'b');
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET2, 'c');
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET3, 'd');
    #endif

    #if 0
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET0, 0xba);
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET1, 0xde);
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET2, 0xc0);
    nand_random_write(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET3, 0xde);

    #endif

    // 然后再用三种方法，读出来看看对不对得上
    nand_random_read(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET0, &data1);
    nand_random_read(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET1, &data2);
    nand_random_read(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET2, &data3);
    nand_random_read(PAGE_ADDR, OFFSET3, &data4);

    printf("PAGE_ADDR: \r\n", PAGE_ADDR);
    printf("4 byte data from nand_random_read: %x, %x, %x, %x\r\n", data1, data2, data3, data4);

    ret = nand_page_read(PAGE_ADDR, buf, sizeof(buf));
    if (ret != 0)
        printf("nand_page_read error!\r\n");
    else
        printf("4 byte data form nand_page_read: %x, %x, %x, %x\r\n", buf[OFFSET0], buf[OFFSET1], buf[OFFSET2], buf[OFFSET3]);

    ret = nand_page_read32(PAGE_ADDR, bufInt, sizeof(bufInt)/sizeof(unsigned int));
    if (ret != 0)
        printf("nand_page_read32 error!\r\n");
    else    
        printf("1 word data form nand_page_read32: %x\r\n", bufInt[OFFSET0]);


}