SpringCloud就是一套分布式服务治理的框架,既然它是一套服务治理的框架,那么它本身不会提供具体功能性的操作,更专注于服务之间的通讯、熔断、监控等。因此就需要很多的组件来支持一套功能。
1、外部或者内部的非SpringCloud项目都统一通过API网关(Zuul)来访问内部服务.
2、网关接收到请求后,从注册中心(Eureka)获取可用服务
3、由Ribbon进行均衡负载后,分发到后端的具体实例
4、微服务之间通过Feign进行通信处理业务
5、Hystrix负责处理服务超时熔断
6、Turbine监控服务间的调用和熔断相关指标
既然是微服务,整个项目必然会分成一个个微模块,
springcloud-api 模块,作为公共的信息导入配置模块;
springcloud-provider-product:作为服务提供者;
springcloud-consumer:作为微服务调用的客户端使用;
springcloudparent父模块
新建立一个maven项目:springcloudparent
其中pom文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>springcloudapi</module>
<module>springcloudproviderproduct</module>
<module>springcloudconsumer</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency> <!-- 进行SpringCloud依赖包的导入处理 -->
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!-- SpringCloud离不开SpringBoot,所以必须要配置此依赖包 -->
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.31</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<artifactId>microcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<finalName>microcloud</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>${
jdk.version}</source><!-- 源代码使用的开发版本 -->
<target>${
jdk.version}</target><!-- 需要生成的目标class文件的编译版本 -->
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
注意:spingcloud中针对依赖包的版本并不像传统项目一样使用的是数字形式定义,反而是使用了一系列英国的地铁或者城市名字来定义,springcloud使用了springboot,其中对于的版本如下
Release Train Boot Version
Greenwich 2.1.x
Finchley 2.0.x
Edgware 1.5.x
Dalston 1.5.x
【springcloud-api】模块,建立一个公共模板,这模块的主要功能是提供公共处理的工具类,实体,接口等。
pom文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
</project>
由于实体对象不管是服务提供放还是消费者都需要用到,实体对象先创建到api模块中,创建一个Product实体
package cn.enjoy.vo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Product implements Serializable {
private Long productId;
private String productName;
private String productDesc;
public String getProductDesc() {
return productDesc;
}
public void setProductDesc(String productDesc) {
this.productDesc = productDesc;
}
public String getProductName() {
return productName;
}
public void setProductName(String productName) {
this.productName = productName;
}
public Long getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Long productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Product{" +
"productId=" + productId +
", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
", productDesc='" + productDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
【springcloud-provider-product】创建一个Product Rest提供者的项目模块,这个模块对应的数据库脚本如下
CREATE DATABASE springcloud CHARACTER SET UTF8 ;
USE springcloud ;
CREATE TABLE product (
prodcutId BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT ,
productName VARCHAR(50) ,
productDesc VARCHAR(50) ,
CONSTRAINT pk_prodcut_id PRIMARY KEY(prodcutId)
) ;
INSERT INTO product(productName,productDesc) VALUES ('java编程',database()) ;
INSERT INTO product(productName,productDesc) VALUES ('Springboot',database()) ;
INSERT INTO product(productName,productDesc) VALUES ('西游记',database()) ;
INSERT INTO product(productName,productDesc) VALUES ('水浒传',database()) ;
INSERT INTO product(productName,productDesc) VALUES ('西厢记',database()) ;
【springcloud-provider-product】模块继续使用mybaits对数据库进行操作,pom文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-product</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
【springcloud-provider-product】创建一个ProductMapper对数据库的操作接口,这个接口方法特别简单
package cn.enjoy.mapper;
import cn.enjoy.vo.Product;
import java.util.List;
public interface ProductMapper {
boolean create(Product product);
public Product findById(Long id);
public List<Product> findAll();
}
【springcloud-provider-product】新增修改application.yml文件,追加对mybatis以及数据库的支持
server:
port: 8080
mybatis:
mapper-locations: # 所有的mapper映射文件
- classpath:mapping/*.xml
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 配置当前要使用的数据源的操作类型
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver # 配置MySQL的驱动程序类
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8 # 数据库连接地址
username: root # 数据库用户名
password: root1234% # 数据库连接密码
logging:
level:
cn.enjoy.mapper: debug
【springcloud-provider-product】创建修改 src/main/resources/mapping/ProductMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.enjoy.mapper.ProductMapper">
<select id="findById" resultType="cn.enjoy.vo.Product" parameterType="long">
select productId,productName,productDesc from product WHERE productId=#{
id} ;
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultType="cn.enjoy.vo.Product">
SELECT productId,productName,productDesc from product;
</select>
<insert id="create" parameterType="cn.enjoy.vo.Product">
INSERT INTO product(productName,productDesc) VALUES (#{
productName},database()) ;
</insert>
</mapper>
【springcloud-provider-product】建立IProductService接口,并创建相关实现类
package cn.enjoy.service;
import cn.enjoy.vo.Product;
import java.util.List;
public interface IProductService {
Product get(long id);
boolean add(Product product);
List<Product> list();
}
【springcloud-provider-product】 定义主程序类,并定义好mapper扫描包
package cn.enjoy;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("cn.enjoy.mapper")
public class ProductApp{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductApp.class,args);
}
}
【springcloud-provider-product】建立ProductController建立一个Rest服务类
package cn.enjoy.controller;
import cn.enjoy.service.IProductService;
import cn.enjoy.vo.Product;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/prodcut")
public class ProductController {
@Resource
private IProductService iProductService;
@RequestMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Object get(@PathVariable("id") long id) {
return this.iProductService.get(id) ;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public Object add(@RequestBody Product product) {
return this.iProductService.add(product) ;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/list")
public Object list() {
return this.iProductService.list() ;
}
}
创建一个maven新模块:【springcloud-consumer】
这个模块作为服务的消费方,调用前面的product服务
【springcloud-consumer】修改pom文件,pom文件内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-consumer</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>enjoy</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
【springcloud-consumer】修改application.yml配置文件,该配置文件还需要色值端口号就行了。
server:
port: 80
【springcloud-consumer】创建Rest配置类,在这需要调用Rest服务,一般需要用到RestTemplate类对象
package cn.enjoy.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
【springcloud-consumer】新建一个controller,负责使用RestTemplate调用远程的product服务
package cn.enjoy.controller;
import cn.enjoy.vo.Product;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class ConsumerProductController {
public static final String PRODUCT_GET_URL = "http://localhost:8080/prodcut/get/";
public static final String PRODUCT_LIST_URL="http://localhost:8080/prodcut/list/";
public static final String PRODUCT_ADD_URL = "http://localhost:8080/prodcut/add/";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/product/get")
public Object getProduct(long id) {
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(PRODUCT_GET_URL + id, Product.class);
return product;
}
@RequestMapping("/product/list")
public Object listProduct() {
List<Product> list = restTemplate.getForObject(PRODUCT_LIST_URL, List.class);
return list;
}
@RequestMapping("/product/add")
public Object addPorduct(Product product) {
Boolean result = restTemplate.postForObject(PRODUCT_ADD_URL, product, Boolean.class);
return result;
}
}
【springcloud-consumer】编写启动类
package cn.enjoy;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class,args);
}
}
调用测试
新增:http://localhost/consumer/product/add?productName=lison
列表查询:http://localhost/consumer/product/list
获得单个数据:http://localhost/consumer/product/get?id=1
该模块目前是基于springboot搭建的,其实springCloud也是依赖于springboot搭建的。该搭建只是简单的模块之间的调用,还没引入Eureka注册中心,后续的文章中引入。