实验 详解MySQL主从复制

一 MySQl主从复制介绍

1.1 MySQL主从复制的类型

1.2 主从复制的工作过程

二 MySQL主从复制操作步骤

2.1 建立时间同步环境

在主机Master搭建时间同步服务器NTP（20.0.0.11）

[root@ns1 ~]# yum -y install ntp
[root@ns1 ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf 
server 127.127.1.0    ##最后面添加这两行
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 8
[root@ns1 ~]# systemctl restart ntpd
[root@ns1 ~]# systemctl enable ntpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.

在从服务器上配置NTP同步（20.0.0.12）

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ntpdate
[root@localhost ~]# ntpdate 20.0.0.11
14 Sep 21:44:44 ntpdate[20913]: step time server 20.0.0.11 offset 3.058116 sec
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e      ##添加计划任务
*/2 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 20.0.0.11 >> /var/log/ntpdate.log
[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/log/ntpdate.log
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart crond
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable crond
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/ntpdate.log    ##动态查看更新日志文件
14 Sep 21:48:08 ntpdate[20944]: adjust time server 20.0.0.11 offset -0.000003 sec
14 Sep 21:50:07 ntpdate[20950]: adjust time server 20.0.0.11 offset 0.000017 sec
......

在从服务器上配置NTP同步（20.0.0.13）

[root@ceshi ~]# yum -y install ntpdate
[root@ceshi ~]# ntpdate 20.0.0.11
14 Sep 21:58:27 ntpdate[29326]: step time server 20.0.0.11 offset 1.631892 sec
[root@ceshi ~]# crontab -e
*/2 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 20.0.0.11 >> /var/log/ntpdate.log
[root@ceshi ~]# touch /var/log/ntpdate.log
[root@ceshi ~]# systemctl restart crond
[root@ceshi ~]# systemctl enable crond
[root@ceshi ~]# tail -f /var/log/ntpdate.log 
14 Sep 22:04:07 ntpdate[29345]: adjust time server 20.0.0.11 offset -0.000026 sec
......

2.2 安装MySQL服务

安装过程见之前相关博客

2.3 服务器配置

Master主服务器配置 20.0.0.11

[root@ns1 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 11    ##改成11
log_bin = master-bin    ##后面两行添加
log-slave-updates = true
[root@ns1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@ns1 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'20.0.0.%' identified by 'abc123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 |      599 |              |                  |                   |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

salve1从服务器配置 20.0.0.12

[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 22    
relay-log = relay-log-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
mysql> change master to master_host='20.0.0.11',master_user='myslave',master_password='abc123',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=599;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 20.0.0.11
                  Master_User: myslave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 369
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 741
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 11
                  Master_UUID: 6926c052-f679-11ea-8dad-000c29c74d51
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

salve2从服务器配置 20.0.0.13

[root@ceshi ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 22
relay-log = relay-log-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
[root@ceshi ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@ceshi ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
mysql> change master to master_host='20.0.0.11',master_user='myslave',master_password='abc123',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=599;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 20.0.0.11
                  Master_User: myslave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 369
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 741
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 11
                  Master_UUID: 6926c052-f679-11ea-8dad-000c29c74d51
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三 验证主从复制效果

登录master服务器20.0.0.11

mysql> create database a;    ##测试，创建新的a数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| a                  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

登录salve1服务器20.0.0.12

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| a                  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

说明新建的a数据库同步成功
登录salve2服务器20.0.0.13

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| a                  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

说明新建的a数据库同步成功