一,自定义的spring配置
基于sping 扩展schma 利用 DubboNamespaceHandler 实现对自定义schema的解析。见配置文件:spring.handlers spring.schemas
二,Consumer对于服务接口的透明调用
基于Javassist的动态代理模式,自动生成代理类。
通过InvokerInvocationHandler的invoker调用:
return invoker.invoke(new RpcInvocation(method, args)).recreate();
invoker RPC通信,基于mina、netty等。
三,dubbo的扩展机制
实现方式类似sun的spi模式,实现自身的可扩展性。简单实现了接口的注入。
1,Extension 注解 value=组件的名字
具体实现见ExtensionLoader
2,主要方法:
loadExtensionClasses 加载所有实现了META-INF/services目录下文件中的类,文件名为接口名。根据Extension注解的名字为key,CLASS为VALUE放到缓存的MAP中。
getAdaptiveExtension 利用代码生成创建一下接口的适配器类:
Protocol
Cluster
ProxyFactory
等等
这个适配器类以Adaptive注解声明的值或者接口名为KEY,从URL中的参数或者URL getProtocol() 作为key的值,
然后ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getExtension(key ) 获得相应的实例。
getExtension(STR)方法获得接口实例,第一次取时创建,并按顺序实例化包装类,并把最后一个包装类返回。
Class> clazz = getExtensionClasses().get(name);
if (clazz == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No such extension " + type.getName() + " by name " + name);
}
try {
//实例化并自动注入一些接口的适配器
T instance = injectExtension((T) clazz.newInstance());
Set
if (wrapperClasses != null && wrapperClasses.size() > 0) {
for (Class> wrapperClass : wrapperClasses) {
instance = injectExtension((T) wrapperClass.getConstructor(type).newInstance(instance));
//injectExtension 实例化包装类,并注入接口的适配器, 注意这个地方返回的是最后一个包装类。
}
}
return instance;
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Extension instance(name: " + name + ", class: " +
type + ") could not be instantiated: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
比如获得Protocol接口的实例: private static final Protocol protocol = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getAdaptiveExtension(); 过程如下:
ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getAdaptiveExtension() 利用javassist动态生成一个Protocol$Adaptive的实例,
生成的class反编译后代码如下:
//消费者调用这个方法获得Invoker
public Invoker refer(Class paramClass, URL paramURL)
throws RpcException
{
if (paramURL == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");
URL localURL = paramURL;
//默认的协议dubbo
String str = (localURL.getProtocol() == null) ? "dubbo" : localURL.getProtocol();
if (str == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Fail to get extension(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url(" + localURL.toString() + ") use keys([protocol])");
/*注意这个地方获得的Protocol实例是:
*com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper 包装类。主要是为了实现
*对invoker的包装。
*com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper->
*com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper->
*com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboProtocol
*层层包装创建ListenerInvokerWrapper,实现InvokerListener调用;创建InvokerChain 实现Filter的调用。
*默认的客户端过滤链 "consumercontext", "compatible", "deprecated", "collect", "genericimpl", "activelimit", "monitor", "future"
*见com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcConstants.DEFAULT_REFERENCE_FILTERS
*/
Protocol localProtocol = (Protocol)ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getExtension(str);
return localProtocol.refer(paramClass, paramURL);
}
//服务提供者调用这个方法,发布服务。
public Exporter export(Invoker paramInvoker)
throws RpcException
{
if (paramInvoker == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument == null");
if (paramInvoker.getUrl() == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument getUrl() == null");
URL localURL = paramInvoker.getUrl();
String str = (localURL.getProtocol() == null) ? "dubbo" : localURL.getProtocol();
if (str == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Fail to get extension(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url(" + localURL.toString() + ") use keys([protocol])");
/*这个地方获得的Protocol实例同样是
*com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper 包装类,实现对于对
*invoker的包装
*加载的服务端过滤链,默认是 "context", "token", "exception", "echo", "generic", "accesslog", "trace", "classloader", "executelimit", "monitor" ,"timeout"
*见com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcConstants.DEFAULT_SERVICE_FILTERS
*/
Protocol localProtocol = (Protocol)ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getExtension(str);
return localProtocol.export(paramInvoker);
}
之所以默认获得的Protocol实例是com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper,因为在配置文件中
META-INF/services/com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol文件内容如下:
com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.RegistryProtocol
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper --最后一个包装类
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboProtocol
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.injvm.InjvmProtocol
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.rmi.RmiProtocol
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.hessian.HessianProtocol
四,Wrapper帮助类
提高调用某一个类的某一个方法的性能(避免反射调用)。
使用javassist动态生成一个Wrapper的子类,实现抽象方法invokeMethod,
/**
* invoke method.
*
* @param instance instance.
* @param mn method name.
* @param types
* @param args argument array.
* @return return value.
*/
abstract public Object invokeMethod(Object instance, String mn, Class>[] types, Object[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException;
生成的class的代码类似
public Object invokeMethod(Object paramObject, String paramString, Class[] paramArrayOfClass, Object[] paramArrayOfObject)
throws InvocationTargetException
{
RegistryService localRegistryService;
try
{
localRegistryService = (RegistryService)paramObject;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable1)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException(localThrowable1);
}
try
{
if ("register".equals(paramString))
{
localRegistryService.register((URL)paramArrayOfObject[0]);
return null;
}
if ("subscribe".equals(paramString))
{
localRegistryService.subscribe((URL)paramArrayOfObject[0], (NotifyListener)paramArrayOfObject[1]);
return null;
}
if ("unregister".equals(paramString))
{
localRegistryService.unregister((URL)paramArrayOfObject[0]);
return null;
}
if ("unsubscribe".equals(paramString))
{
localRegistryService.unsubscribe((URL)paramArrayOfObject[0], (NotifyListener)paramArrayOfObject[1]);
return null;
}
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable2)
{
throw new InvocationTargetException(localThrowable2);
}
throw new NoSuchMethodException("Not found method \"" + paramString + "\" in class com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.RegistryService.");
}
直接动态生成了一个子类,没有通过反射调用。
五、Consumer 服务消费方分析
以dubbo-demo-simple-consumer的源码为分析的起点,解析Consumer的运行流程。
1,配置文件的解析
首先dubbo基于spring的schma扩展机制实现了自定义的命名空间定义和配置的解析。
源码见:com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.schema.DubboNamespaceHandler
com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.schema.DubboBeanDefinitionParser
registerBeanDefinitionParser("reference", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ReferenceBean.class, false));
DubboBeanDefinitionParser和ReferenceBean实现对dubbo:reference的解析。
2,获得服务代理
在 DemoService demoService = (DemoService)context.getBean("demoService"); 时ReferenceBean作为FactoryBean实现DemoService接口的代理对象的创建,见源码:
com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.ReferenceBean.getObject()
com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ReferenceConfig.get()
com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ReferenceConfig.init()
ReferenceConfig.java:
获得protocol,cluster,proxyFactory接口的实例,实际调用如下:
protocol --》Protocol$Adaptive-》 com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper--
cluster --》com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.FailoverCluster
proxyFactory--》com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.javassist.JavassistProxyFactory
createProxy 方法解析:
I,获得URL,从dubbo:reference ,url属性或者从loadRegistries();通过注册中心配置拼装URL。设置URL的protocol为Constants.REGISTRY_PROTOCOL registry
II,获得 invoker = protocol.refer(interfaceClass, urls.get(0));
Protocol$Adaptive-->根据URL的协议获得 com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolListenerWrapper->com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ProtocolFilterWrapper-->com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.RegistryProtocol
refer(interfaceClass, urls.get(0)) -> com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.RegistryProtocol.refer->
1,RegistryFactory--getRegistry RegistryFactory根据url配置可能是DubboRegistryFactory,MulticastRegistryFactory,ZookeeperRegistryFactory
2,new RegistryDirectory 创建注册中心目录服务
3,registry.subscribe 订阅服务,--》rpc远程访问registryService,RegistryDirectory作为 NotifyListener
-->RegistryDirectory.notify(urls)-->urls-toInvokers //此时生成了接口及接口的方法对应的invoker列表
4,cluster.merge(directory) 默认由FailoverCluster生成FailoverClusterInvoker(RegistryDirectory)
创建invoker完成。
III,创建代理(T) proxyFactory.getProxy(invoker) --》JavassistProxyFactory-》 (T) Proxy.getProxy(interfaces).newInstance(new InvokerInvocationHandler(invoker));
使用Javassist创建了两个CLASS。
public class Proxy1 extends Proxy
implements ClassGenerator.DC
{
public Object newInstance(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
{
return new proxy1(paramInvocationHandler);
}
}
public class proxy1
implements ClassGenerator.DC, EchoService, DemoService
{
public static Method[] methods;
private InvocationHandler handler;
public String sayHello(String paramString)
{
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[1];
arrayOfObject[0] = paramString;
Object localObject = this.jdField_handler_of_type_JavaLangReflectInvocationHandler.invoke(this, jdField_methods_of_type_ArrayOfJavaLangReflectMethod[0], arrayOfObject);
return ((String)localObject);
}
public Object $echo(Object paramObject)
{
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[1];
arrayOfObject[0] = paramObject;
Object localObject = this.jdField_handler_of_type_JavaLangReflectInvocationHandler.invoke(this, jdField_methods_of_type_ArrayOfJavaLangReflectMethod[1], arrayOfObject);
return ((Object)localObject);
}
public proxy1(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
{
this.jdField_handler_of_type_JavaLangReflectInvocationHandler = paramInvocationHandler;
}
}
返回proxy1,xxx接口的子类。
4,动态代理背后的故事,以dubbo协议的通信为例
从生成的proxy1的代码我们可以看到 sayHello(String str)时调用了 InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
-----》invoker.invoke(new RpcInvocation(method, args)).recreate();
这里的invoker是对 com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboInvoker 的层层包装,实现负载均衡、失败转移(FailoverClusterInvoker)、InvokerListener,InvokerChain的顺序调用。
由Protocol.refer生成。
如:FailoverClusterInvoker-》
public Result invoke(final Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
if(destroyed){
throw new RpcException("Rpc invoker for " + getInterface() + " on consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost()
+ " use dubbo version " + Version.getVersion()
+ " is not destroyed! Can not invoke any more.");
}
LoadBalance loadbalance;
List
if (invokers != null && invokers.size() > 0) {
//加载负载均衡算法
loadbalance = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(invokers.get(0).getUrl()
.getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(),Constants.LOADBALANCE_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE));
} else {
loadbalance = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE);
}
return doInvoke(invocation, invokers, loadbalance);
}
public Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, List
if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0)
throw new RpcException("No provider available for service " + getInterface().getName() + " on consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " use dubbo version " + Version.getVersion() + ", Please check whether the service do exist or version is right firstly, and check the provider has started.");
int len = getUrl().getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(), Constants.RETRIES_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_RETRIES) + 1;
if (len <= 0)
len = 1;
// retry loop.
RpcException le = null; // last exception.
List
Set
//挨个试,如果失败就继续。实现Failover。
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
//boolean pp = false; // is provider problem.
Invoker
invoked.add(invoker);
providers.add(invoker.getUrl());
try {
return invoker.invoke(invocation);
} catch (RpcException e) {
if (e.isBiz()) throw e;
le = e;
//pp = true;
} catch (Throwable e) // biz exception.
{
throw new RpcException(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
//if (pp) // if provider problem, fail over.
// inv.setWeight(0);
}
}
List
for(Invoker
if(invoker != null )
urls.add(invoker.getUrl());
}
throw new RpcException(le.getCode(),"Tried " + len + " times to invoke providers " + providers + " " + loadbalance.getClass().getAnnotation(Extension.class).value() + " select from all providers " + invokers + " for service " + getInterface().getName() + " method " + invocation.getMethodName() + " on consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " use dubbo version " + Version.getVersion() + ", but no luck to perform the invocation. Last error is: " + (le != null ? le.getMessage() : ""), le);
}
}
再来具体看看实际执行远程调用DubboInvoker:
DubboInvoker由com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboProtocol 创建-》
public
// find client.
int channels = url.getPositiveParameter(Constants.CONNECTIONS_KEY, 1);
ExchangeClient[] clients = new ExchangeClient[channels];
if ( channels == 1){
clients[0] = getOrInitClient(url);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < clients.length; i++) {
clients[i] = getOrInitClient(url); //默认初始化了一个LazyConnectExchangeClient-->init 时 Exchangers.connect(url, requestHandler);
}
}
System.out.println(serviceType.getName()+":"+clients.length);
// create rpc invoker.
DubboInvoker
invokers.add(invoker);
return invoker;
}
在Protocol里创建了,ExchangeClient,及 requestHandler
DubboInvoker.doInvoke(final Invocation invocation) --> (Result) currentClient.request(inv, timeout).get(); 调用ExchangeClient发起请求
默认通过NETTY框架通信。
见com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.transport.netty.NettyClient
对协议的encode,decode实现:
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboCodec 对于配置文件中的
callback为true的,DubboCodec在服务端自动生成参数代理, 通过RPC远程调用消费者的方法。此时的invoker为 ChannelWrappedInvoker
ChannelWrappedInvoker发起的请求,由DubboProtocol得requestHandler处理 received--》
if (message instanceof Invocation) {
reply((ExchangeChannel) channel, message);
}
比如消费者 subscribe 时,com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.SimpleRegistryService 处理完成后要调用消费者的NotifyLisenter .notify(urls)
消费者在发送请求时,DubboCodec根据URL中配置的方法的某一个参数的callback属性是否为true来自动发布服务,以接受服务端的callback。
Remote模块分析
客户端: dubbo协议,netty实现
发送请求:
HeaderExchangeClient --> request -->
HeaderExchangeChannel-->request-->
-->req=new Request()
-->DefaultFuture future = new DefaultFuture(channel, req, timeout);
-->NettyClient->send(req)
-->NettyChannel-->send(req,boolean sent)
-->NettyHander-->writeRequested
---> encode
--->Netty->channel+writebuffer,writetask (放到IO线程的任务队列)
--->NioWorker -->processWriteTaskQueue
--->write0 (在IO线程里发送数据)
--->NettyClient-->sent
--->DefaultChannelHandler-->sent
--->HeaderExchangeHandler-->sent
--->DubboProtocol requestHandler -->sent
--->DefaultFuture.sent(channel, request);
--->DefaultFuture.doSent() 标记数据发送完的时间
接收返回结果:
--->decode
NettyHander --> messageReceived
--->DefaultChannelHandler --->received
executor.execute(new ChannelEventRunnable(channel, handler ,ChannelState.RECEIVED, message));
-->ChannelEventRunnable -->run
-->HeaderExchangeHandler.received
----->HeaderExchangeHandler--》handleResponse
--->DefaultFuture.received(channel, response);
总体上说,dubbo对RPC做了很好的封装,能够实现透明的远程调用,在消费端实现了对于服务端调用的负载均衡算法、支持服务的集群。并且提供了监控接口,可通过WEB界面了解服务的情况(请求次数、有哪些服务、服务有几个提供者)等。 提供的注册中心支持服务的注册、取消注册,并通知消费端服务列表的变更