Oracle DG broker搭建

------------------------------TigerLiu的技术园地([email protected])--------------------------------

参考文档：

官方文档：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14230/concepts.htm#i1019612

环境：redhat linux6.5   Oracle 11.2.0.2

用途：当主库发生宕机时备库会自动切换为主库，保证数据库的高可用

搭建思路：

1、配置 Oracle Net(56.112和56.221)

     a、静态注册数据库服务

     b、配置TNS

2、配置ADG主数据库(56.221)

     a、配置local_listener

     b、配置force logging

     c、创建 pfile

     d、创建口令文件

     e、启用远程登录

     f、设置 db_unique_name

     g、配置快速恢复区

     h、启用自动备用文件管理

     i、log_archive_config

     j、创建备用重做日志

     k、启用存档日志模式       ---mount状态设置，重启生效

     l、启用闪回数据库           ---mount状态设置，重启生效

     m、启用最高可用性模式 ---mount状态设置，重启生效

3、创建物理备用数据库(56.112)

     a、配置口令文件

     b、创建 oratab 条目

     c、创建 init.ora 文件

     d、以非安装方式启动备用数据库

     e、pfile中创建所需目录

     f、使用 RMAN 创建备用数据库

     g、启用闪回数据库

4、配置DG broker(56.117)

     a、设置 Data Guard Broker 配置文件的位置--主备库都要设置

     b、安装11gR2客户端 -----此步忽略

     c、设置tns

     d、在主数据库上启动 dgmgrl 实用程序并以 SYS 身份进行连接

     e、添加主数据库信息

     f、添加备用数据库

     g、编辑数据库属性

     h、启用配置

     i、启用fast_start

     j、启动观察器

5、启用并测试 FSFO

     a、switchover测试

     b、failover测试

搭建具体架构如下：

DB_NAME	SID	HOSTNAME	DB_UNIQUE_NAME	TNS_NAME
prim112	prim112	standby	prim112_a	prim112_a、prim112_a_static
		Perfmonitor2	prim112_b	prim112_b、prim112_b_static

============正文分割线==============

1、配置 Oracle Net(56.112和56.221)

     a、静态注册数据库服务

>>>>>>>>>56.221
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=prim112)
          (SDU=32767)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME=prim112_a_static)
    )
    (SID_DESC=
          (SID_NAME=prim112)
          (SDU=32767)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME=prim112_a_dgmgrl)
    )
  )

>>>>>>>>56.112
LISTENER =   
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Perfmonitor2)(PORT=1521))
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=prim112)
          (SDU=32767)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME=prim112_b_static)
    )
    (SID_DESC=
          (SID_NAME=prim112)
          (SDU=32767)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME=prim112_b_dgmgrl)
    )
  )

启动监听并检查状态：
lsnrctl status
>>>>>>>>>56.221
Services Summary...
Service "prim112_a_dgmgrl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "prim112", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prim112_a_static" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "prim112", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

>>>>>>>>>56.112
Service "prim112_b_dgmgrl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "prim112", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prim112_b_static" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "prim112", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

     b、配置TNS

>>>>>>>>>56.221&56.112

prim112_a=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=standby)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
      (service_name=prim112_a)
      (server=dedicated)
    )
  )
 
prim112_b=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=Perfmonitor2)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
       (service_name=prim112_b)
       (server=dedicated)
    )
  )
prim112_a_static=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=standby)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
      (service_name=prim112_a_static)
      (server=dedicated)
    )
  )
prim112_b_static=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=Perfmonitor2)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
      (service_name=prim112_b_static)
      (server=dedicated)
    )
  )

tnsping验证一下
tnsping prim112_b_static
tnsping prim112_a_static
tnsping prim112_b
tnsping prim112_a

2、配置ADG主数据库(56.221)

     a、配置local_listener

配置local_listener
alter system set local_listener='(address=(host=standby)(port=1521)(protocol=tcp))';
alter system register;
SQL> show parameter local_listener;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string      (address=(host=standby)(port=1
                                                 521)(protocol=tcp))

     b、配置force logging

alter database force logging;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR
---
YES

     c、创建 pfile

show parameter spfile;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
                                                 /db_1/dbs/spfileprim112.ora
create pfile='/home/oracle/initprim112.ora' from spfile;

     d、创建口令文件

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwprim112

     e、启用远程登录

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;
show parameter remote_login_passwordfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile            string      EXCLUSIVE

     f、设置 db_unique_name

alter system set db_unique_name = prim112_a scope=spfile;
show parameter db_unique_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name                       string      PRIM112_A

     g、配置快速恢复区

mkdir -p /u01/fra
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/fra
chmod -R 775 /u01/fra
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size = 20g scope=both;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest = '/u01/fra' scope=both;
show parameter db_recovery_file
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest                string      /u01/fra
db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 20G

     h、启用自动备用文件管理

alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
show parameter standby_file_management
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management              string      AUTO

     i、设置log_archive_config

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(prim112_b)' scope=both;
show parameter log_archive_config

     j、创建备用重做日志

select bytes, count(group#) from v$log group by bytes;
select max(group#) from v$log;
alter database add standby logfile group 11 '/oradata/prim112/stby-t01-g11-m1.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile group 12 '/oradata/prim112/stby-t01-g12-m1.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile group 13 '/oradata/prim112/stby-t01-g13-m1.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile group 14 '/oradata/prim112/stby-t01-g14-m1.log' size 52428800;
select group#, type, member from v$logfile where type = 'STANDBY';

     k、启用存档日志模式       ---mount状态设置，重启生效

alter database archivelog;
select log_mode from v$database;

     l、启用闪回数据库           ---mount状态设置，重启生效

alter database flashback on;
alter system set db_flashback_retention_target = 60 scope=both;
select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
YES
show parameter db_flashback_retention_target
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_flashback_retention_target        integer     60

     m、启用最高可用性模式 ---mount状态设置，重启生效

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
select protection_mode from v$database;
PROTECTION_MODE
--------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY

3、创建物理备用数据库(56.112)

     a、配置口令文件

将主数据库中的口令文件复制到备用数据库
scp orapwprim112 192.168.56.112:/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/

     b、创建 oratab 条目

cat /etc/oratab
prim112:/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y

     c、创建 init.ora 文件

vi /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initprim112.ora
db_name = prim112

     d、以非安装方式启动备用数据库

startup nomount

     e、pfile中创建所需目录

mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/adump
chmod -R 775 /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/adump
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/adump

mkdir -p /oradata/prim112
chmod -R 775 /oradata/prim112
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata/prim112

mkdir -p /u01/fra
chmod -R 775 /u01/fra
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/fra

mkdir -p /oradata/arch/
chmod -R 775 /oradata/arch/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata/arch/

ls -ld /oradata/arch/
ls -ld /u01/fra
ls -ld /oradata/prim112
ls -ld /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/adump

     f、使用 RMAN 创建备用数据库

运行 RMAN 实用程序并连接到目标（主数据库）和辅助对象（新备用数据库）。
rman target sys/oracle@prim112_a_static auxiliary sys/oracle@prim112_b_static
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;

DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE
 FOR STANDBY
 FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
 DORECOVER
 SPFILE
 SET db_unique_name='prim112_b'
 SET log_archive_config=''
 SET log_file_name_convert= ' ',' '
 SET local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Perfmonitor2)(PORT=1521)))'
 SET audit_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/adump'
 SET control_files='/oradata/prim112/control01.ctl','/oradata/prim112/control02.ctl'
 SET db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/fra'
 SET diagnostic_dest='/u02/app/oracle'
 SET log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(prim112_a)'
 SET log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=prim112_b'
 SET log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=prim112_a ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=prim112_a'
 NOFILENAMECHECK;

     g、启用闪回数据库

alter database flashback on;
alter system set db_flashback_retention_target = 60 scope=both;
select flashback_on from v$database;
show parameter db_flashback_retention_target
alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
select protection_mode from v$database;

4、配置DG broker(56.117)

     a、设置 Data Guard Broker 配置文件的位置--主备库都要设置

 设置（主数据库和备用数据库）
alter system set dg_broker_config_file1='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/dg1prim112.dat';
alter system set dg_broker_config_file2='/u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/dg2prim112.dat';
show parameter dg_broker_config_file
创建目录对应（主数据库和备用数据库）
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/

mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/
chmod -R 775 /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/

ls -ld /u01/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/
ls -ld /u02/app/oracle/admin/prim112/dgbroker/

启用（主数据库和备用数据库）
alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
show parameter dg_broker_start

     b、安装11gR2客户端 -----此步忽略

     c、设置tns

prim112_a=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=standby)(port=1521))
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=Perfmonitor2)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
      (service_name=prim112_a)
      (server=dedicated)
    )
  )
 
prim112_b=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=Perfmonitor2)(port=1521))
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=standby)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
       (service_name=prim112_b)
       (server=dedicated)
    )
  )
prim112_a_static=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=standby)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
      (service_name=prim112_a_static)
      (server=dedicated)
    )
  )
prim112_b_static=
  (description=
    (SDU=32767)
    (address_list=
      (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=Perfmonitor2)(port=1521))
    )
    (connect_data=
      (service_name=prim112_b_static)
      (server=dedicated)
    )
  )

     d、在主数据库上启动 dgmgrl 实用程序并以 SYS 身份进行连接

dgmgrl sys/oracle@prim112_a

     e、添加主数据库信息

create configuration 'prim112_dg' as
primary database is prim112_a
connect identifier is prim112_a;

Configuration "prim112_dg" created with primary database "prim112_a"

     f、添加备用数据库

add database prim112_b as
connect identifier is prim112_b
maintained as physical;

Database "prim112_b" added

验证配置
show configuration
Configuration - prim112_dg
  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
  Databases:
    prim112_a - Primary database
    prim112_b - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
DISABLED

     g、编辑数据库属性

edit database prim112_a set property NetTimeout=15;          ---连接超时时间
edit database prim112_b set property NetTimeout=15;
edit database prim112_a set property LogXptMode='SYNC';  ---连接日志同步模式为同步
edit database prim112_b set property LogXptMode='SYNC';
edit configuration set protection mode as maxavailability;     ----保护模式为最大可用模式
edit database prim112_a set property FastStartFailoverTarget='prim112_b';     ---设置failover目标库
edit database prim112_b set property FastStartFailoverTarget='prim112_a';

使用Maximum performance的时候，参数（备库）LogXptMode设置为async就好
使用Maximum protection或者Maximum availability的时候，参数（备库）LogXptMode要设置为sync。

     h、启用配置

enable configuration;
Enabled.

验证配置
show configuration
Configuration - prim112_dg

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
  Databases:
    prim112_a - Primary database
    prim112_b - Physical standby database

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

Configuration Status:

     i、启用fast_start

enable fast_start failover;
DGMGRL> show FAST_START FAILOVER;

Fast-Start Failover: ENABLED

  Threshold:        30 seconds
  Target:           prim112_b
  Observer:         (none)
  Lag Limit:        30 seconds (not in use)
  Shutdown Primary: TRUE
  Auto-reinstate:   TRUE

Configurable Failover Conditions
  Health Conditions:
    Corrupted Controlfile          YES
    Corrupted Dictionary           YES
    Inaccessible Logfile            NO
    Stuck Archiver                  NO
    Datafile Offline               YES

  Oracle Error Conditions:
show database prim112_a statusreport
DGMGRL> show database prim112_a statusreport
STATUS REPORT
       INSTANCE_NAME   SEVERITY ERROR_TEXT
                   *    WARNING ORA-16819: fast-start failover observer not started

     j、启动观察器

dgmgrl sys/password@prim112_a
start observer;
observer started
此时，终端会话将呈现挂起状态。

5、启用并测试 FSFO

     a、switchover测试

dgmgrl sys/oracle@prim112_a

switchover to prim112_b

日志如下，主库自动关闭，备库同步完日志后切换为主库。

Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
New primary database "prim112_b" is opening...
Operation requires shutdown of instance "prim112" on database "prim112_a"
Shutting down instance "prim112"...
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

Please complete the following steps to finish switchover:
        shut down instance "prim112" of database "prim112_a"
        start up and mount instance "prim112" of database "prim112_a"

再次查看dg状态需要重新连接

dgmgrl sys/oracle@prim112_a
DGMGRL> show configuration

Configuration - prim112_dg

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
  Databases:
    prim112_b - Primary database
      Error: ORA-16825: multiple errors or warnings, including fast-start failover-related errors or warnings, detected for the database

    prim112_a - (*) Physical standby database
      Error: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

Fast-Start Failover: ENABLED

Configuration Status:
ERROR

手工启动原主库后，dg状态自动恢复

56.221：startup

56.117：dgmgrl sys/oracle@prim112_a

show configuration verbose

Configuration - prim112_dg

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
  Databases:
    prim112_a - Primary database
    prim112_b - (*) Physical standby database

  (*) Fast-Start Failover target

Fast-Start Failover: ENABLED

  Threshold:        30 seconds
  Target:           prim112_b
  Observer:         dgbroker
  Lag Limit:        30 seconds (not in use)
  Shutdown Primary: TRUE
  Auto-reinstate:   TRUE

Configuration Status:
SUCCESS

     b、failover测试

将56.112主机强制关机

56.221自动切换为主

dg broker日志：

15:52:41.84  Monday, December 11, 2017
Initiating Fast-Start Failover to database "prim112_b"...
Performing failover NOW, please wait...
Failover succeeded, new primary is "prim112_b"
15:52:50.87  Monday, December 11, 2017

重启prim112_a后自动进行日志应用，dg_broker恢复