首先介绍一下java集合,集合接口Collection,子接口List,Set,Queue。
LinkedList就是子结构List的一个现实。并且它实现了其他接口,如Deque
LinkedList的特点,它适用于需要频繁添加删除的集合,因为他的添加删除速度远高于ArrayList,并且顺序遍历的速度也高于ArrayList,但是它不适合随机获取数据。
以用thinking in java :
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List:
Order is the most important feature of a L i s t ; it promises to maintain elements (interface) in a particular sequence. L i s t adds a number of methods to C o l l e c t i o n that allow insertion and removal of elements in the middle of a L i s t . (This is recommended only for a L i n k e d L i s t . ) A L i s t will produce a L i s t I t e r a t o r , and using this you can traverse the L i s t in both directions, as well as insert and remove elements in the middle of the list (again, recommended only for a L i n k e d L i s t ).
LinkedList:
Provides optimal sequential access, with inexpensive insertions and deletions from the middle of the list. Relatively slow for random access. (Use A r r a y L i s t instead.) Also has a d d F i r s t ( ) , a d d L a s t ( ) , g e t F i r s t ( ) , g e t L a s t ( ),r e m o v e F i r s t ( ) , and r e m o v e L a s t ( ) (which are not defined in any interfaces or base classes) to allow it to be used as a stack, a queue, and a dequeue.
--------------------------------------意思与上文相同,嫌眼晕的同学直接略过这段----------------------------------------
LinkedList的实现原理,LinkedList顾名思义,就是一个双向列表,每一个节点为Entry,数据推送完全就是链表的操作,所以他的插入,删除的速度快,但是用index查找就费劲了
LinkedList的关键源码分析:
private transient Entry header = new Entry(null, null, null);
这个成员变量是LinkedList的关键,它在链表中没有实际数据意义,是链表的标示(要是难理解,就通俗一点理解成链表第一个无意义的元素),而且transient修饰,标示着他不会被序列化。header也可以当做队列末尾的元素,因为是双向列表,所以header.next末尾元素后边的元素就成了队首元素了,知道了这些,看一下下边的添加方法
public void addFirst(E e) {
addBefore(e, header.next);
}
public void addLast(E e) {
addBefore(e, header);
}
以上是两个添加的函数,以这两个函数,讲解一下LinkedList是如何向集合推送元素的
addFirst向队列头加元素,是将元素加到header.next-队首元素之前;
addLast向队列未加元素,是将元素加到header之前;
下面看一下addBefore(E e,Entry
private Entry addBefore(E e, Entry entry) {
Entry newEntry = new Entry(e, entry, entry.previous); //初始化当前链表节点
newEntry.previous.next = newEntry;//改变当前节点前后的链表节点连接状态
newEntry.next.previous = newEntry;
size++;
modCount++;
return newEntry;
}
Entry的数据结构是:
private static class Entry {
E element; // 当前元素
Entry next; // 之后的元素,靠近last
Entry previous; // 之前的元素,靠近first
Entry(E element, Entry next, Entry previous) {
this.element = element;
this.next = next;
this.previous = previous;
}
}
明白LinkedList的数据结构和推送方式,那么其他的操作原理也就迎刃而解,讲解也就到这里,其他的代码留给有心人,愿大家技术和综合素质都共同进步