redhat linux yum源修改
1）yum源替换
在使用redhat linux的yum来安装或者更新软件的时候会提示：
[root@gps ~]$ yum install gcc
Loaded plugins:product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is notregistered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-managerto register.
Setting up InstallProcess
No package gccavailable.
Error: Nothing to do
由于 redhat的yum在线更新是收费的，如果没有注册的话不能使用，如果要使用，需将redhat的yum卸载，再配置其他源（以centos6为例若有变动自行寻找此地址下centos版本）：
1、首先到http://mirrors.163.com/centos下载软件包
x86 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/
x86_64 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/
必要下载的软件包有（以64位系统为例）：
python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
下载命令
Wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
[注] :版本不一定要最新的(http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/查找对应版本)
2、卸载RedHat自带的yum
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e –nodeps
注： xargs是一条Unix和类Unix操作系统的常用命令。它的作用是将参数列表转换成小块分段传递给其他命令，以避免参数列表过长的问题。 --nodeps 强制卸载,不管依赖性。
3、安装下载的centos的yum包：
1. rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
2. rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
3. rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
[注] :最后2个需要一起安装，否则会出现依赖性错误
4、到http://mirrors.163.com的 centos帮助文档中下载CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，存放到/etc/yum.repo.d中
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
5、编辑CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，将其中的$releasever更改为centos的版本号，如：
1. # CentOS-Base.repo
2. #
3. # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
4. # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
5. # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
6. # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
7. #
8. # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
9. # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
10.#
11.#
12.
13.
14.[base]
15.name=CentOS-6.5 - Base - 163.com
16.baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/$basearch/
17.#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os
18.gpgcheck=1
19.gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
20.
21.
22.#released updates
23.[updates]
24.name=CentOS-6.5 - Updates - 163.com
25.baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/$basearch/
26.#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
27.gpgcheck=1
28.gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
29.
30.
31.#additional packages that may be useful
32.[extras]
33.name=CentOS-6.5 - Extras - 163.com
34.baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/$basearch/
35.#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
36.gpgcheck=1
37.gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
38.
39.
40.#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
41.[centosplus]
42.name=CentOS-6.5 - Plus - 163.com
43.baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/$basearch/
44.#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
45.gpgcheck=1
46.enabled=0
47.gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
48.
49.
50.#contrib - packages by Centos Users
51.[contrib]
52.name=CentOS-6.5 - Contrib - 163.com
53.baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/$basearch/
54.#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
55.gpgcheck=1
56.enabled=0
57.gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
6、yum clean all 清除原有缓存
7、yum makecache 获取yum列表
8、出现下面提示，表示yum更改完成：Metadata Cache Created