出处:https://blog.csdn.net/kity9420/article/details/80740466
前言
经常会遇到一些性能问题,比如调用某个接口,可能要循环调用100次,并且需要拿到每一次调用的返回结果,通常我们都是放在for循环中一次次的串行调用,这种方式可想而知道有多慢,那怎么解决这个问题呢?
多线程
为了解决以上问题,我使用的方式是多线程。多线程常规的有两种实现方式,即继承Tread类,实现Runnable接口,但是这两种实现方式,有一个共同的问题,就是没有返回值,对于我们来说,获得每个线程的返回值,是个很困难的问题,因此不能用Tread类或Runnable接口,我用的是Callable和ThreadPoolExecutor,Callable的process方法可以允许有返回值,ThreadPoolExecutor的invokeAll或submit方法可以拿到线程的执行结果
案例
假设需要给100个用户发送邮件,并需要每个用户的返回结果,先看下代码结构
CallableTemplate.java
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; /** * 多线程模板类 * @author yang.han * * @param*/ public abstract class CallableTemplate implements Callable { /** * 前置处理,子类可以Override该方法 */ public void beforeProcess() { System.out.println("before process"); } /** * 处理业务逻辑的方法,需要子类去Override * @param * @return */ public abstract V process(); /** * 后置处理,子类可以Override该方法 */ public void afterProcess() { System.out.println("after process"); } @Override public V call() throws Exception { beforeProcess(); V result = process(); afterProcess(); return result; } }
CallableTemplate类实现了Callable接口,并实现了process方法,该类是一个抽象类,接收任意返回值的类型,beforeProcess方法为前置处理,afterProcess的后置处理,process为具体的业务逻辑抽象方法,该方法在子类中实现
IConcurrentThreadPool.java
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; public interface IConcurrentThreadPool { /** * 初始化线程池 */ void initConcurrentThreadPool(); /** * 提交单个任务 * @param* @param task * @return * @throws InterruptedException * @throws ExecutionException */V submit(CallableTemplate task) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException; /** * 提交多个任务 * @param * @param tasks * @return * @throws InterruptedException * @throws ExecutionException */List invokeAll(List extends CallableTemplate > tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException; }
IConcurrentThreadPool是多线程接口类,声名了三个方法,initConcurrentThreadPool:初始化线程池,submit:提交单个任务的线程,并有返回值,invokeAll:提交多个任务的线程,并有返回值
ConcurrentThreadPool.java
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.Future; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ConcurrentThreadPool implements IConcurrentThreadPool{ private ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor; // 核心线程数 private int corePoolSize = 10; // 最大线程数 private int maximumPoolSize = 20; // 超时时间30秒 private long keepAliveTime = 30; @Override public void initConcurrentThreadPool() { threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque() ); } @Override public V submit(CallableTemplate task) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { Future result = threadPoolExecutor.submit(task); return result.get(); } @Override public List invokeAll(List extends CallableTemplate > tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { List > tasksResult = threadPoolExecutor.invokeAll(tasks); List resultList = new ArrayList (); for(Future future : tasksResult) { resultList.add(future.get()); } return resultList; } }
ConcurrentThreadPool是创建线程池的实现类,用到了ThreadPoolExecutor线程池类及这个类的invokeAll方法和submit方法,这两个方法的返回值,都可以通过Future类的get方法获得
ICallableTaskFrameWork.java
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; public interface ICallableTaskFrameWork {List submitsAll(List extends CallableTemplate > tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException; }
ICallableTaskFrameWork是定义的线程任务框架接口,所有的多线程调用,都通过该接口发起
CallableTaskFrameWork.java
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; public class CallableTaskFrameWork implements ICallableTaskFrameWork{ private IConcurrentThreadPool concurrentThreadPool = new ConcurrentThreadPool(); @Override publicList submitsAll(List extends CallableTemplate > tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { concurrentThreadPool.initConcurrentThreadPool(); return concurrentThreadPool.invokeAll(tasks); } }
CallableTaskFrameWork是ICallableTaskFrameWork 的实现类,在submitsAll实现方法中,通过调用线程池对象IConcurrentThreadPool接口的invokeAll方法来发起多线程的调用,这里注意一个,在submitAll实现方法中,我手动的调用了初始化线程池的方法concurrentThreadPool.initConcurrentThreadPool(),在真实的项目上,应该在应用启动的时候就调用该方法来初始化线程池
测试类代码
SendMessageService.java,假设这是一个发送邮件信息的服务类
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; public class SendMessageService { public void sendMessage(String email,String content){ System.out.println("发送邮件。。。"); } }
SendMessageHander.java,多线程发送邮件的处理类
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class SendMessageHander extends CallableTemplate
这个类继承了上面的CallableTemplate,我们要的返回值是Map,因此泛型类型是Map,在类中还重写了process方法,在方法中调用发送邮件的业务逻辑接口SendMessageService.sendMessage,并将返回结果组装成Map返回,这里我就简单处理了,将邮件地址及内容放在Map中直接返回了;另外还要注意这个类有个有参构造器,通过构建器可以接收需要传递进来的参数
SendMessageTest.java,测试类
package com.gdut.thread.multiThread; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; public class SendMessageTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ICallableTaskFrameWork callableTaskFrameWork = new CallableTaskFrameWork(); List>> tasks = new ArrayList >>(); SendMessageHander sendMessageHander = null; // 将需要发送邮件的邮件地址及内容组装好,放在一个集合中 for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { sendMessageHander = new SendMessageHander("email" + i, "content" + i); tasks.add(sendMessageHander); } //通过多线程一次性发起邮件,并拿到返回结果集 List
运行结果
附录:还可以看这边文章: java并发异步编程 原来十个接口的活现在只需要一个接口就搞定!