linux 常见命令

1.软连接 （ln）

[root@hadoop000 ~]# ln -s /hadoop/app/apache-maven-3.6.2/conf/settings.xml setting.xml
[root@hadoop000 ~]# ll
total 189612
-rw-------. 1 root root      1894 Jan  6 04:05 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      1925 Jan  6 04:09 initial-setup-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 194151339 Nov 18 15:19 jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        48 Jan 26 11:27 setting.xml -> /hadoop/app/apache-maven-3.6.2/conf/settings.xml

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2.文件搜索命令 （find）

执行权限：所有用户
语法：find 【搜索范围】 【匹配条件】
功能描述：文件搜索

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2.1 -name 按文件名搜索

find /etc/ -name init 在/etc/ 中查找文件init
-iname 不区分大小写

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find /etc/ -name init
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/init
/etc/sysconfig/init
[root@hadoop000 ~]# find /etc/ -iname init
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/init
/etc/sysconfig/init
/etc/gdm/Init

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2.2 -size 按文件大小搜索文件

find / -size +102400 在根目录下查找大于50M的文件（linux 数据块是512字节 0.5k,50m = 5 0*1024k * 2 = 1024 00,数据块是linux系统最小的数据单位）
+n 大于 -n 小于 n 等于

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find / -size +102400
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.1293
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.13a4
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.14a4
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.158b
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.1668
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.1775
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.177c
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.191a
/hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/log.1a09


[root@hadoop000 ~]# ls -lh /hadoop/app/zookeeper-3.4.14/logs/version-2/
total 748K
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan  6 18:26 log.1
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan  7 06:07 log.1293
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan  7 10:58 log.13a4
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan  7 21:11 log.14a4
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan  7 22:21 log.158b
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan 12 10:10 log.1668
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan 17 11:04 log.1775
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan 19 14:18 log.177c
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan 19 17:13 log.191a
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan 21 16:39 log.1a09
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop 65M Jan 22 14:51 log.1adb

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2.3 -user 按文件所有者搜索文件

find /hadoop -user hadoop 在/hadoop目录下查找所有者为hadoop的文件

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find /hadoop -user hadoop
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/logs/EmpCol-2019061810.log
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/logs/EmpCol-2019061811.log
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/logs/EmpCol-2019061815.log
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/lib
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/lib/ruoze222-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/lib/hadoop-hdfs-2.6.0-cdh5.16.1.jar
/hadoop/spark-works/etl/emp/lib/line-1.0.jar
/hadoop/.bashrc
/hadoop/.viminfo

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2.4 -cmin 文件修改

find /root -cmin -10 在/root目录下搜索10分钟内被修改过属性的文件和目录
-cmin 文件属性 change
-amin 访问时间 access
-mmin 文件内容 modify

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find /root -cmin -120
[root@hadoop000 ~]# find /root -amin -120
/root/.cache/abrt
[root@hadoop000 ~]# find /root -mmin -120

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2.5 -a / -o 多条件搜索

-a 两个条件同时满足
-o 两个条件满足任意一个即可
find /etc -size +163840 -a -size -204800
在/etc 下搜索大于80M 和小于100M 的文件

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find / -size +163840 -a  -size -204800 -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 97M Jul 12  2019 /usr/lib64/firefox/libxul.so
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 88M Sep 11 15:05 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_231/jre/lib/amd64/libjfxwebkit.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 95M Oct  8 12:01 /hadoop/software/phoenix-4.10.0-cdh5.12.0/phoenix-4.10.0-cdh5.12.0-pig.jar

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2.6 -exec / -ok 对搜索的文件执行操作

find /etc -name init -exec ls -ls -l {} \;
在/etc 下查找init 文件并显示其详细信息

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find / -size +163840 -a  -size -204800 -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 97M Jul 12  2019 /usr/lib64/firefox/libxul.so
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 88M Sep 11 15:05 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_231/jre/lib/amd64/libjfxwebkit.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 95M Oct  8 12:01 /hadoop/software/phoenix-4.10.0-cdh5.12.0/phoenix-4.10.0-cdh5.12.0-pig.jar

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2.7 -type 根据文件类型查找

f 文件
d 目录
l 软链接文件

[root@hadoop000 ~]# find / -size +102400 -a  -type f
/hadoop/software/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.1.tar.gz
/hadoop/software/hbase-1.2.0-cdh5.16.1.tar.gz
/hadoop/software/flume-ng-1.6.0-cdh5.16.1.tar.gz
/hadoop/software/kafka_2.11-1.1.1.tgz
/hadoop/software/apache-phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-bin.tar.gz
/hadoop/software/apache-phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-bin/phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-hive.jar
/hadoop/software/apache-phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-bin/phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-client.jar
/hadoop/software/apache-phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-bin/phoenix-4.14.0-cdh5.14.2-pig.jar
/hadoop/software/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.6.tgz

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2.8 -inum 根据i节点搜索

[root@hadoop000 ~]# ls -il
total 189612
100663362 -rw-------. 1 root root      1894 Jan  6 04:05 anaconda-ks.cfg
100663364 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root      1925 Jan  6 04:09 initial-setup-ks.cfg
102139148 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 194151339 Nov 18 15:19 jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz
103669271 lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        48 Jan 26 11:27 setting.xml -> /hadoop/app/apache-maven-3.6.2/conf/settings.xml
[root@hadoop000 ~]# find / -inum 100663362
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg

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3. grep 在文件内容中查找

命令所在路径： /bin/grep
执行权限： 所有用户
语法：grep -iv [指定字符串] [文件]
功能描述：在文件中搜索字符串匹配的行并输出

1. -i 不区分大小写
2. -v 排除指定字符串
3. -v ^# /etc/inittab 排除以#开头的行

范例： grep  mysql /root/install.log
grep	-v ^# /etc/inittab 排除以#开头的行

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4.远程拷贝 scp

从本地复制到远程
拷贝目录
scp -r /home/test/ [email protected]:/home/test/

scp -r /root/cdh   [email protected]:/root/cdh            

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