准备工作
原服务器软件部署：Redhat 6.6 + Oracle 12.2.0.1 rac
Oracle12c单实例安装
1、创建恢复服务器，设置大于原库数据大小的磁盘容量。设置相同的服务器主机名参照原服务器系统及软件版本和位数配置恢复的服务器，避免恢复过程中版本差异导致的问题；
2、将rman数据文件备份、归档日志备份复制到恢复服务器中（ rman备份最好制定备份位置为NFS等共享存储上，还原时可以省去传递备份的时间）；
3、创建相关的目录
例如，目标服务器安装ORACLE实例时，选择了“只安装实例”选项，那么在RMAN还原之前，我们必须创建下面一些目录（这些不是必须的，有些环境甚至完全不必要。具体根据实际情况判断）：
- 创建$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/下的六个目录；
- $ORACLE_BASE/oradata下创建$ORACLE_SID目录；
- RMAN备份路径目录（这个地方最好与源数据库一致，创建好后，把源数据库备份的数据文件复制到这个目录里）；--非必须。
- 归档日志目录（同样，创建好后，把需要的归档日志文件复制到此目录） --非必须。
#mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/gnnt2/{adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,pfile,udump} #mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/$ORACLE_SID
注意：这些工作是前期准备工作，不能到RMAN还原恢复的时候才做。
服务器A备份数据库
rman备份脚本
原库数据较大，为了节约备份空间，采用增量备份。有关增量备份的概念转至我的博文https://www.cnblogs.com/-abm/p/9963917.html
计划任务
[oracle@swnode2 /]$ crontab -l
10 0 * * 0 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup0.sh
10 0 * * 1 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup1.sh
10 0 * * 2 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup1.sh
10 0 * * 3 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup2.sh
10 0 * * 4 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup1.sh
10 0 * * 5 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup1.sh
10 0 * * 6 /bin/sh /home/oracle/rmanbackup1.sh
说明： 每周日凌晨执行0级全量备份，
每周三凌晨执行一次累计增量备份，其他时间都为差异增量备份0级备份
[oracle@swnode2 ~]$ cat rmanbackup0.sh
#!/bin/bash #Creation: 2018-11-27 #Version: 1.0.0 export ORACLE_SID=gnnt2 export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH DATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d` LOG=/home/oracle/logs/log_rman_0_$DATA echo "=================================================================================" >>$LOG echo "Begin backup at : `date`" >> $LOG rman target / <> $LOG run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 8 DAYS; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/DBback/%d.%F.conf'; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database format '/DBback/0_%d_pdb_shwjs_%T_%s_%p.DBFILE'; crosscheck backup; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all not backed up format '/DBback/arch_bak/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.ACR'; crosscheck archivelog all; report obsolete; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-8'; delete noprompt backup of archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-8'; release channel c1; } exit EOF echo "End backup at : `date`" >>$LOG #echo "Begin scp at : `date`" >>$LOG #scp ${ 1}/*`date +%Y%m%d`* [email protected]:/tmp/ #echo "End scp at : `date`" >>$LOG echo "=================================================================================" >>$LOG exit 0
1级备份（差异增量）
[oracle@swnode2 ~]$ cat rmanbackup1.sh
#!/bin/bash #Creation: 2018-11-27 #Version: 1.0.0 export ORACLE_SID=gnnt2 export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH DATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d` LOG=/home/oracle/logs/log_rman_1_$DATA echo "=================================================================================" >>$LOG echo "Begin backup at : `date`" >> $LOG rman target / <> $LOG run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 8 DAYS; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/DBback/%d.%F.conf'; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 database format '/DBback/1_%d_pdb_shwjs_%T_%s_%p.DBFILE'; crosscheck backup; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all not backed up format '/DBback/arch_bak/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.ACR'; crosscheck archivelog all; report obsolete; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-8'; delete noprompt backup of archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-8'; release channel c1; } exit EOF echo "End backup at : `date`" >>$LOG #echo "Begin scp at : `date`" >>$LOG #scp ${ 1}/*`date +%Y%m%d`* [email protected]:/tmp/ #echo "End scp at : `date`" >>$LOG echo "=================================================================================" >>$LOG exit 0
2级备份（累计增量）
[oracle@swnode2 ~]$ cat rmanbackup2.sh
#!/bin/bash #Creation: 2018-11-27 #Version: 1.0.0 export ORACLE_SID=gnnt2 export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH DATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d` LOG=/home/oracle/logs/log_rman_0_$DATA echo "=================================================================================" >>$LOG echo "Begin backup at : `date`" >> $LOG rman target / <> $LOG run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 8 DAYS; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/DBback/%d.%F.conf'; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 cumulative database format '/DBback/2_%d_pdb_shwjs_%T_%s_%p.DBFILE'; crosscheck backup; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; sql 'alter system archive log current'; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all not backed up format '/DBback/arch_bak/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.ACR'; crosscheck archivelog all; report obsolete; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-8'; delete noprompt backup of archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-8'; release channel c1; } exit EOF echo "End backup at : `date`" >>$LOG #echo "Begin scp at : `date`" >>$LOG #scp ${ 1}/*`date +%Y%m%d`* [email protected]:/tmp/ #echo "End scp at : `date`" >>$LOG echo "=================================================================================" >>$LOG exit 0
RMAN恢复过程
A数据库为要被还原的数据库，B数据库为Rman还原库
拷贝A数据库服务器上的pfile至B并修改
建议备份恢复前提前准备好恢复数据库上pfile，具体方法如下
1、获取原库的pfile，并修改
SQL> create pfile='/RmanBackup/init.ora' from spfile; 文件已创建。 将pfile文件复制到恢复主机上， 修改其中的部分配置为备库的具体值。主要修改数据存储路径（红色标识），创建修改后的路径，与配置文件对应
#cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@swnode2 dbs]$ cat initgnnt2.ora gnnt1.__data_transfer_cache_size=0 gnnt2.__data_transfer_cache_size=0 gnnt2.__db_cache_size=39594229760 gnnt1.__db_cache_size=39325794304 gnnt1.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0 gnnt2.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0 gnnt1.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0 gnnt2.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0 gnnt1.__java_pool_size=805306368 gnnt2.__java_pool_size=671088640 gnnt1.__large_pool_size=939524096 gnnt2.__large_pool_size=805306368 gnnt1.__oracle_base='/oracle/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment gnnt2.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment gnnt1.__pga_aggregate_target=13824425984 gnnt2.__pga_aggregate_target=13824425984 gnnt1.__sga_target=55029268480 gnnt2.__sga_target=55029268480 gnnt1.__shared_io_pool_size=536870912 gnnt2.__shared_io_pool_size=0 gnnt2.__shared_pool_size=13824425984 gnnt1.__shared_pool_size=13287555072 gnnt1.__streams_pool_size=0 gnnt2.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/gnnt/adump' *.audit_trail='NONE' *.cluster_database=false #单实例故使用false *.compatible='12.2.0' *.control_file_record_keep_time=15 *.control_files='/data/conf_dir/current.261.972470897' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata' *.db_name='gnnt' *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=gnntXDB)' *.enable_pluggable_database=true family:dw_helper.instance_mode='read-only' gnnt2.instance_number=2 gnnt1.instance_number=1 *.local_listener='-oraagent-dummy-' *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/acfs_arch' *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' *.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE' *.nls_territory='CHINA' *.open_cursors=300 *.pga_aggregate_target=13107m *.processes=15000 *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive' *.sga_target=52428m gnnt2.thread=2 gnnt1.thread=1 gnnt1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' gnnt2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
2、rman下用修改后的pfile启动至nomount状态，恢复控制文件
RMAN> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/initgnnt2.ora'; Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 2483027968 bytes Fixed Size 8795808 bytes Variable Size 671091040 bytes Database Buffers 1795162112 bytes Redo Buffers 7979008 bytes
恢复控制文件(这一步必须nomount状态)
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/data/conf_ORCL_c-1508459345-20181125-00'; Starting restore at 25-NOV-18 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=8 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/racdb11/current.256.980678617 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/racdb11/current.257.980678613 Finished restore at 25-NOV-18
3、启动到mount状态，恢复数据库
RMAN> alter database mount;
Statement processed
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
5、注册备份目录到控制文件，-----------把拷贝过来的备份文件目录注册到控制文件，告诉控制文件我的备份在这个目录
RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '/DBback/';
restore还原数据库文件
1、修改数据文件位置
由于RAC用的是ASM存储管理的，现在是本地文件，需要修改数据文件名所以要newname一下
使用以下语句查出来所有的数据文件，改为本地文件名字
SQL>select 'SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '|| file# ||' to ' ||''''|| name ||''''|| ';' from v$datafile;
查询到的结果修改，去掉SQL格式，修改正确的路径。
rman下 run{}中执行还原
run{ allocate channel d1 type disk; allocate channel d2 type disk; allocate channel d3 type disk; allocate channel d4 type disk; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/system.257.972470727'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.972470787'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.972470823'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 5 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/system.270.972471005'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 6 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/sysaux.269.972471005'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 7 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/users.260.972470825'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 8 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/undotbs1.271.972471005'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 9 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/undotbs2.273.972471285'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 10 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/68E9F82A20250D37E053650DA8C0828F/DATAFILE/system.282.972471893'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 11 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/68E9F82A20250D37E053650DA8C0828F/DATAFILE/sysaux.283.972471893'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 12 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/68E9F82A20250D37E053650DA8C0828F/DATAFILE/undotbs1.281.972471893'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 13 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/68E9F82A20250D37E053650DA8C0828F/DATAFILE/undo_2.285.972471941'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 14 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/68E9F82A20250D37E053650DA8C0828F/DATAFILE/users.286.972471947'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 21 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/system.292.972569467'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 22 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/sysaux.293.972569467'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 23 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/undotbs1.291.972569465'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 24 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.289.973098773'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 25 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.287.973099325'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 26 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.288.973099375'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 27 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.290.973099407'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 28 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/undo_2.295.974139333'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 29 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users05.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 30 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users06.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 31 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users07.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 32 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/system01.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 33 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DATAFILE/sysaux.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 34 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/sysaux01.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 35 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users08.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 36 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users09.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 37 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users10.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 38 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users11.dbf'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 39 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.306.997209999'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 40 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.307.1000716387'; SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 41 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/6900B0297CC66549E053650DA8C0B038/DATAFILE/users.308.1000717873'; restore database; switch datafile all; release channel d4; release channel d3; release channel d2; release channel d1; }
recover database
这里有以下几种不完全恢复方式
1、恢复到问题时间点
[oracle@swnode2 oradata]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
[oracle@swnode2 oradata]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Nov 25 17:22:19 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1508459345, not open)
RMAN> recover database until time '2018-11-27 19:00:00';
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
也可以
RMAN> sql "alter session set nls_date_format=''yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss''";
RMAN> recover database until time '2018-11-27 19:00:00';
2、恢复到指定scn
也可以基于scn恢复，如何获取归档日志最后的scn号呢？
这个scn根据在rman下通过查看备份集详情获得
RMAN>list backupset; BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 1774 4.42G DISK 00:21:42 27-NOV-18 BP Key: 1774 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20181127T033133 Piece Name: /DBback/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181127_1834_1.ACR List of Archived Logs in backup set 1774 Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- 1 3570 623133533 26-NOV-18 623144627 26-NOV-18 1 3571 623144627 26-NOV-18 623144743 26-NOV-18 1 3572 623144743 26-NOV-18 623144838 26-NOV-18 1 3573 623144838 26-NOV-18 623144954 26-NOV-18 1 3574 623144954 26-NOV-18 624000290 26-NOV-18 1 3575 624000290 26-NOV-18 624137326 26-NOV-18 1 3576 624137326 26-NOV-18 624182658 26-NOV-18 1 3577 624182658 26-NOV-18 624466466 26-NOV-18 1 3578 624466466 26-NOV-18 624648532 26-NOV-18 1 3579 624648532 26-NOV-18 624811743 26-NOV-18 1 3580 624811743 26-NOV-18 624898678 26-NOV-18 1 3581 624898678 26-NOV-18 626225424 26-NOV-18 1 3582 626225424 26-NOV-18 626528280 26-NOV-18 1 3583 626528280 26-NOV-18 626552079 26-NOV-18 1 3584 626552079 26-NOV-18 626796446 27-NOV-18 1 3585 626796446 27-NOV-18 626801478 27-NOV-18 1 3586 626801478 27-NOV-18 626947222 27-NOV-18 2 2919 623133510 26-NOV-18 623144658 26-NOV-18 2 2920 623144658 26-NOV-18 623144693 26-NOV-18 2 2921 623144693 26-NOV-18 623144786 26-NOV-18 2 2922 623144786 26-NOV-18 623144889 26-NOV-18 2 2923 623144889 26-NOV-18 623627321 26-NOV-18 2 2924 623627321 26-NOV-18 624141400 26-NOV-18 2 2925 624141400 26-NOV-18 624652859 26-NOV-18 2 2926 624652859 26-NOV-18 626211462 26-NOV-18 2 2927 626211462 26-NOV-18 626223272 26-NOV-18 2 2928 626223272 26-NOV-18 626225370 26-NOV-18 2 2929 626225370 26-NOV-18 626234325 26-NOV-18 2 2930 626234325 26-NOV-18 626290700 26-NOV-18 2 2931 626290700 26-NOV-18 626528251 26-NOV-18 2 2932 626528251 26-NOV-18 626535138 26-NOV-18 2 2933 626535138 26-NOV-18 626542328 26-NOV-18 2 2934 626542328 26-NOV-18 626550432 26-NOV-18 2 2935 626550432 26-NOV-18 626560723 26-NOV-18 2 2936 626560723 26-NOV-18 626586366 26-NOV-18 2 2937 626586366 26-NOV-18 626844113 27-NOV-18 2 2938 626844113 27-NOV-18 626947203 27-NOV-18 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 1775 Full 20.53M DISK 00:00:01 27-NOV-18 BP Key: 1775 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20181127T035320 Piece Name: /DBback/GNNT.c-1283969136-20181127-00.conf SPFILE Included: Modification time: 26-NOV-18 SPFILE db_unique_name: GNNT Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 626964005 Ckp time: 27-NOV-18
基于scn的恢复命令
RMAN>recover database until scn=626964005;
RMAN> recover database until scn=626844113; Starting recover at 2018-11-28 08:37:15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set destination for restore of datafile 00021: /data/oradata/system.292.972569467 destination for restore of datafile 00022: /data/oradata/sysaux.293.972569467 destination for restore of datafile 00023: /data/oradata/undotbs1.291.972569465 destination for restore of datafile 00024: /data/oradata/users.289.973098773 destination for restore of datafile 00025: /data/oradata/users.287.973099325 destination for restore of datafile 00026: /data/oradata/users.288.973099375 destination for restore of datafile 00027: /data/oradata/users.290.973099407 destination for restore of datafile 00028: /data/oradata/undo_2.295.974139333 destination for restore of datafile 00029: /data/oradata/users05.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00030: /data/oradata/users06.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00031: /data/oradata/users07.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00034: /data/oradata/sysaux01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00035: /data/oradata/users08.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00036: /data/oradata/users09.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00037: /data/oradata/users10.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00038: /data/oradata/users11.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBback/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181126_1824_1.DBFILE channel ORA_DISK_1: errors found reading piece handle=/DBback/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181126_1824_1.DBFILE channel ORA_DISK_1: failover to piece handle=/data/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181126_1824_1.DBFILE tag=TAG20181126T001008 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:18:46 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set destination for restore of datafile 00001: /data/oradata/system.257.972470727 destination for restore of datafile 00003: /data/oradata/sysaux.258.972470787 destination for restore of datafile 00004: /data/oradata/undotbs1.259.972470823 destination for restore of datafile 00007: /data/oradata/users.260.972470825 destination for restore of datafile 00009: /data/oradata/undotbs2.273.972471285 destination for restore of datafile 00032: /data/oradata/system01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00033: /data/oradata/sysaux.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBback/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181126_1825_1.DBFILE channel ORA_DISK_1: errors found reading piece handle=/DBback/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181126_1825_1.DBFILE channel ORA_DISK_1: failover to piece handle=/data/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181126_1825_1.DBFILE tag=TAG20181126T001008 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:10:26 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set destination for restore of datafile 00023: /data/oradata/undotbs1.291.972569465 destination for restore of datafile 00028: /data/oradata/undo_2.295.974139333 destination for restore of datafile 00034: /data/oradata/sysaux01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00036: /data/oradata/users09.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00037: /data/oradata/users10.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00038: /data/oradata/users11.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBback/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181127_1830_1.DBFILE channel ORA_DISK_1: errors found reading piece handle=/DBback/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181127_1830_1.DBFILE channel ORA_DISK_1: failover to piece handle=/data/1_GNNT_pdb_shwjs_20181127_1830_1.DBFILE tag=TAG20181127T001010 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:22:46 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3585 is already on disk as file /data/acfs_arch/1_3585_972470900.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3586 is already on disk as file /data/acfs_arch/1_3586_972470900.dbf archived log for thread 2 with sequence 2937 is already on disk as file /data/acfs_arch/2_2937_972470900.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2917 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3567 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3568 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3569 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2918 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBback/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181126_1828_1.ACR channel ORA_DISK_1: errors found reading piece handle=/DBback/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181126_1828_1.ACR channel ORA_DISK_1: failover to piece handle=/data/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181126_1828_1.ACR tag=TAG20181126T030616 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:06:05 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2917_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2917 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3567_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3567 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3568_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3568 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3569_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3569 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2918_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2918 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2919 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3570 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3571 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2920 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2921 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3572 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2922 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3573 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2923 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3574 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2924 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3575 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3576 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2925 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3577 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3578 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3579 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2926 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3580 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3581 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2927 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2928 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2929 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3582 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2930 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2931 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2932 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3583 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2933 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2934 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2935 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3584 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=2 sequence=2936 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBback/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181127_1834_1.ACR channel ORA_DISK_1: errors found reading piece handle=/DBback/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181127_1834_1.ACR channel ORA_DISK_1: failover to piece handle=/data/arch_bak/arch_GNNT_20181127_1834_1.ACR tag=TAG20181127T033133 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:22:26 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2919_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2919 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3570_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3570 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3571_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3571 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2920_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2920 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2921_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2921 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3572_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3572 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2922_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2922 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3573_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3573 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2923_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2923 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3574_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3574 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2924_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2924 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3575_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3575 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3576_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3576 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2925_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2925 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3577_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3577 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3578_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3578 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3579_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3579 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2926_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2926 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3580_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3580 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3581_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3581 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2927_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2927 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2928_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2928 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2929_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2929 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3582_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3582 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2930_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2930 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2931_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2931 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2932_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2932 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3583_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3583 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2933_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2933 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2934_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2934 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2935_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2935 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3584_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3584 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2936_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2936 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/2_2937_972470900.dbf thread=2 sequence=2937 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3585_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3585 archived log file name=/data/acfs_arch/1_3586_972470900.dbf thread=1 sequence=3586 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 02:18:38 Finished recover at 2018-11-28 12:18:32
3、12c新特性还原
RMAN 自动恢复到 REDO 终点的步骤简化
语法如下
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL AVAILABLE REDO; //限制：只针对全库恢复使用这个命令
还原后的调整
修改数据库redo log位置，可根据下面sql查询出来的结果，将asm位置修改为正确目录
SQL> select 'alter database rename file '''||member||q'[' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo';]' from v$logfile;
//需创建红色标识目录
将查询到的结果修改redo后面的编号，进行执行
alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_8.267.972470901' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo1'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_7.266.972470901' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo2'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_6.265.972470901' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo3'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_5.264.972470901' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo4'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_2.263.972470901' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo5'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_1.262.972470901' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo6'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_3.274.972471515' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo7'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_4.275.972471541' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo8'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_9.276.972471563' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo9'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_10.277.972471587' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo10'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_11.278.972471609' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo11'; alter database rename file '+DATA/GNNT/ONLINELOG/group_12.279.972471631' to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/redo12';
创建spfile：create spfile from pfile
问题解决
完成后尝试打开数据库
可能问题1：
RMAN> alter database open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of sql statement command at 11/25/2018 18:22:48
ORA-19751: could not create the change tracking file
ORA-19750: change tracking file: '+DATA/ORCL/CHANGETRACKING/ctf.282.992257129'
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:1 Failed to create file +DATA/ORCL/CHANGETRACKING/ctf.282.992257129
ORA-17501: logical block size 4294967295 is invalid
ORA-29701: ?????????????????
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/ORCL/CHANGETRACKING/ctf.282.992257129
ORA-15001: diskgroup "DATA" does not exist or is not mounted
ORA-15374: invalid cluster configuration
问题解决https://blog.csdn.net/jaso5935/article/details/41117733
可能问题2：
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00392: log 7 of thread 1 is being cleared, operation not allowed
ORA-00312: online log 7 thread 1:
'/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/redo2'
解决链接：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/108886.html
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log; GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M' STATUS ---------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- 1 800M CLEARING 2 800M CLEARING 6 800M CLEARING 8 800M CLEARING 7 800M CLEARING_CURRENT 5 800M CLEARING 10 800M CLEARING 11 800M CLEARING_CURRENT 12 800M CLEARING 9 800M CLEARING 4 800M CLEARING GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M' STATUS ---------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- 3 800M CLEARING 12 rows selected. SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1; alter database clear logfile group 2; alter database clear logfile group 3; alter database clear logfile group 4; alter database clear logfile group 5; alter database clear logfile group 6; alter database clear logfile group 7; alter database clear logfile group 8; alter database clear logfile group 9; alter database clear logfile group 10; alter database clear logfile group 11; alter database clear logfile group 12; Database altered. SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log; GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M' STATUS ---------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- 1 800M UNUSED 2 800M UNUSED 6 800M UNUSED 8 800M UNUSED 7 800M CURRENT 5 800M UNUSED 10 800M UNUSED 11 800M CURRENT 12 800M UNUSED 9 800M UNUSED 4 800M UNUSED GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M' STATUS ---------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- 3 800M UNUSED 12 rows selected. SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered.
可能问题3：
RMAN> recover database until available redo;
Starting recover at 04-DEC-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=5643 device type=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 12/04/2018 20:28:24
ORA-19698: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/redo5 is from different database: id=1508459345, db_name=ORCL
问题解决 命令行删除报错的redo，后重新执行recover [oracle@swnode2 ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/redo redo/ redo1 redo2 redo3 redo4 redo5 redo7 redo8 [oracle@swnode2 ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/redo*
恢复完成！！！
恢复完成测试启动、关闭、查询、查看Oracle运行日志。
最后一步：远程连接配置监听
1、新恢复的数据库没有密码文件，我们需要手动创建
创建前查看到没有用户密码信息 SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users; no rows selected 手动创建 [oracle@swnode2 dbs]$orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=xxxxxx force=y entries=5 //这里不创建密码文件的话sys用户登录会报 ORA-01017
2、注册监听
动态注册：
[oracle@swnode2 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/password@192.168.12.121:1521/gnnt as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Dec 21 15:40:09 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Fri Dec 21 2018 15:32:46 +08:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SQL> show parameter db_name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_name string gnnt SQL> alter system set local_listener=''; System altered. SQL> alter system register; System altered. SQL> quit
查看监听状态
[oracle@swnode2 dbs]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-DEC-2018 15:43:10 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 21-DEC-2018 11:29:53 Uptime 0 days 4 hr. 13 min. 17 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/swnode2/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=swnode2)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "68e9f82a20250d37e053650da8c0828f" has 1 instance(s). Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "6900b0297cc66549e053650da8c0b038" has 2 instance(s). Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "gnnt" has 1 instance(s). Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "gnntXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "gnntpdb01" has 1 instance(s). Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb_shwjs" has 2 instance(s). Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Instance "gnnt2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
远程连接测试
#sqlplus sys/psswd@IP:1521/sid as sysdba