System UI 学习之一:system ui启动流程

阅读Android 4.0源码也有一段时间了,这次是针对SystemUI的一个学习过程。本文只是对SystemUI分析的一个开始——启动流程的分析,网上有很多关于2.3的SystemUI的分析,可4.0与2.3的差别还是很大的,为了给自己留下笔记同时也方便大家学习和探讨,遂写此文,后续将有更多关于SystemUI的分析,敬请关注。

转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/yihongyuelan

1.初始SystemUI

什么是SystemUI?你或许会觉得这个问题很幼稚,界面上的布局UI显示?系统的UI?如果你是这么想的,那么就大错特错了。我们知道Android 4.0 ICS同时适用于Phone和Tablet(TV),因此,对于Phone来说SystemUI指的是:StatusBar(状态栏)、NavigationBar(导航栏)。而对于Tablet或者是TV来说SystemUI指的是:CombinedBar(包括了StatusBar和NavigationBar)。注:关于Android 4.0的UI介绍请参考这篇文章。

根据上面的介绍,我想大家应该知道SystemUI的具体作用了吧!也就是说我们的Phone的信号,蓝牙标志,Wifi标志等等这些状态显示标志都会在StatusBar上显示。当我们的设备开机后,首先需要给用户呈现的就是各种界面同时也包括了我们的SystemUI,因此对于整个Android系统来说,SystemUI都有举足轻重的作用,那接下来就来看看它的启动流程吧!

2.启动流程

这里只是单单的分析启动流程,实际上SystemUI启动过程中涉及到很多东西的调用,这里暂时不分支去介绍,后续会有相关文章的详细分析。那么对于这种分析我还是将自己的分析思路写出来,而不是直接展现已经分析好的结果,当然结果会在最后展示出来。这样做一方面有利于锻炼自己的分析能力,另一方面各位看官也可以找出分析中的利与弊从而更好的取舍。

首先来看看SystemUI的代码位置,路径:SourceCode/frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI;其次看看它的代码梗概:

图 2.1

在Android 4.0中,Google整合了Phone和Tablet(TV)的SystemUI,也就说可以根据设备的类型自动匹配相应的SystemUI。这一点是在Android 2.3中是没有的。那么接下来怎么分析呢?打开AndroidManifest.xml可以看到:

[html] view plain copy print ?
  1. <manifestxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  2. package="com.android.systemui"
  3. coreApp="true"
  4. android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"
  5. android:process="system"
  6. >
  7. <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.STATUS_BAR_SERVICE"/>
  8. <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
  9. <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
  10. <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.GET_TASKS"/>
  11. <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USB"/>
  12. <application
  13. android:persistent="true"
  14. android:allowClearUserData="false"
  15. android:allowBackup="false"
  16. android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
  17. android:label="@string/app_label"
  18. android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_settings">
  19. ... ...


    根据以上代码我们可以发现这其中注册了很多Service,同时也包括了广播。但这里我们只关注SystemUIService,这才是本文的主旨啊。那么首先要找到SystemUIService是如何启动的。对于Service的启动,在我以前的博文中已有提到,这里就不多说了,不外乎startService(intent)和bindService(intent),它们都是以intent为对象,那intent的声明也需要SystemUIService啊,因此我们可以据此搜索关键词"SystemUIService"。

    经过漫长的搜索和比对之后发现,原来,SystemUIService是在SystemServer.java中被启动的,如下所示:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. static finalvoid startSystemUi(Context context) {
    2. Intent intent = new Intent();
    3. intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.systemui",
    4. "com.android.systemui.SystemUIService"));
    5. Slog.d(TAG, "Starting service: " + intent);
    6. context.startService(intent);
    7. }
        static final void startSystemUi(Context context) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.systemui",
                        "com.android.systemui.SystemUIService"));
            Slog.d(TAG, "Starting service: " + intent);
            context.startService(intent);
        }

    这里的startSystemUi()方法则在ServerThread的run()方法中被调用。这里提到SystemServer就不得不提及Android的启动流程,这里不会展开详细讨论具体的流程,只是简单的介绍一下大概流程,用以表明SystemServer所处的位置。

    Android的启动分为内核启动、Android启动、launcher启动,我们的SystemServer就处于Android启动中,以下是大致流程图:

    init->ServiceManager->Zygote->SystemServer->... ...

    在SystemServer中,初始化了Android系统中的Java层服务,如PowerManagerService、WindowManagerService等等,当然也包括了SystemUIService,它们通过ServiceManager的addService()方法,添加到ServiceManager的管理中。实际上,根据后面的分析这里add了一个很重要的StatusBarManagerService。这个Service在后面会用到的。

    既然到这里SystemUIService已经启动,那么我们就继续跟踪该Service吧。

    1).首先查看其onCreate()方法,如下:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. public void onCreate() {
    2. // Pick status bar or system bar.
    3. IWindowManager wm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
    4. ServiceManager.getService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE));
    5. try {
    6. SERVICES[0] = wm.canStatusBarHide()//根据wm.canStatusBarHide()判断设备类型
    7. ? R.string.config_statusBarComponent
    8. : R.string.config_systemBarComponent;
    9. } catch (RemoteException e) {
    10. Slog.w(TAG, "Failing checking whether status bar can hide", e);
    11. }
    12. final int N = SERVICES.length;
    13. mServices = new SystemUI[N];
    14. for (int i=0; i
    15. Class cl = chooseClass(SERVICES[i]);
    16. Slog.d(TAG, "loading: " + cl);
    17. try {
    18. mServices[i] = (SystemUI)cl.newInstance();
    19. } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
    20. throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    21. } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
    22. throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    23. }
    24. mServices[i].mContext = this;
    25. Slog.d(TAG, "running: " + mServices[i]);
    26. mServices[i].start();
    27. }
    28. }
        public void onCreate() {
            // Pick status bar or system bar.
            IWindowManager wm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
                    ServiceManager.getService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE));
            try {
                SERVICES[0] = wm.canStatusBarHide()//根据wm.canStatusBarHide()判断设备类型
                        ? R.string.config_statusBarComponent
                        : R.string.config_systemBarComponent;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Failing checking whether status bar can hide", e);
            }
    
            final int N = SERVICES.length;
            mServices = new SystemUI[N];
            for (int i=0; i

    在这段代码中,通过AIDL的方式获取了WindowManager的对象wm,并调用其方法canStatusBarHide()来判断当前设备的类型,也就是说如果我们使用的Phone那么后续就会加载StatusBar和NivagationBar;而如果我们设备类型是Tablet(TV)之类的(可以在配置文档里面配置),
    就会加载CombiedBar。

    这里的canStatusBarHide()方法的具体实现是在:frameworks/base/policy/src/com/android/internal/policy/impl/PhoneWindowManager.java。为什么会是这里呢?我们在Eclipse中导入源码之后,找到SystemUIService.java中的wm.canStatusBarHide()方法,通过open Implementation直接跳转到WindowsManagerService中:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. public boolean canStatusBarHide() {
    2. return mPolicy.canStatusBarHide();
    3. }
        public boolean canStatusBarHide() {
            return mPolicy.canStatusBarHide();
        }

    但这里我们发现canStatusBarHide()实际上是WindowManagerPolicy的对象调用的方法,而WindowManagerPolicy只是一个接口类,根据以往分析的经验可以知道,这里的WindowManagerPolicy对象所调用的canStatusBartHide()方法一定是其实现类中的
    方法。因此,继续通过open Implementation跳转,来到了PhoneWindownManager中:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. public boolean canStatusBarHide() {
    2. return mStatusBarCanHide;
    3. }
        public boolean canStatusBarHide() {
            return mStatusBarCanHide;
        }

    继续查看mSatuBarCanHide的实现,如下所示:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. // Determine whether the status bar can hide based on the size
    2. // of the screen. We assume sizes > 600dp are tablets where we
    3. // will use the system bar.
    4. int shortSizeDp = shortSize
    5. * DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT
    6. / DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEVICE;
    7. mStatusBarCanHide = shortSizeDp < 600;
    8. mStatusBarHeight = mContext.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(
    9. mStatusBarCanHide
    10. ? com.android.internal.R.dimen.status_bar_height
    11. : com.android.internal.R.dimen.system_bar_height);
    12. mHasNavigationBar = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
    13. com.android.internal.R.bool.config_showNavigationBar);
            // Determine whether the status bar can hide based on the size
            // of the screen.  We assume sizes > 600dp are tablets where we
            // will use the system bar.
            int shortSizeDp = shortSize
                    * DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT
                    / DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEVICE;
            mStatusBarCanHide = shortSizeDp < 600;
            mStatusBarHeight = mContext.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(
                    mStatusBarCanHide
                    ? com.android.internal.R.dimen.status_bar_height
                    : com.android.internal.R.dimen.system_bar_height);
    
            mHasNavigationBar = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                    com.android.internal.R.bool.config_showNavigationBar);

    这里通过shortSizeDp来判断当前设备的类型,如果当前屏幕的shortSize
    Dp<600dp,则系统会认为该设备是Phone反之则认为是Tablet。根据mStatusBarCanHide的值,设定StatusBar或者SystemBar(CombinedBar)的高度,以及是否显示NavigationBar。

    继续回到我们的SystemUIService.java的onCreate()方法中,根据前面对canStatusBarHide()的判断,SERVICE[0]中将存放R.string.config_statusBarComponent或者R.string.config_systemBarComponent。它们的值具体是:

    [html] view plain copy print ?
    1. <stringname="config_statusBarComponent"translatable="false">com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.PhoneStatusBarstring>
    2. <stringname="config_systemBarComponent"translatable="false">com.android.systemui.statusbar.tablet.TabletStatusBarstring>
    com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.PhoneStatusBar
    com.android.systemui.statusbar.tablet.TabletStatusBar

    因为我的测试设备是Phone,那么现在SERVICE[0]中存放的就是com.android.systemui.statusbart.phone.PhoneStatusBar。查看以下代码:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. final int N = SERVICES.length;
    2. mServices = new SystemUI[N];
    3. for (int i=0; i
    4. Class cl = chooseClass(SERVICES[i]);
    5. Slog.d(TAG, "loading: " + cl);
    6. try {
    7. mServices[i] = (SystemUI)cl.newInstance();
    8. } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
    9. throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    10. } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
    11. throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    12. }
    13. mServices[i].mContext = this;
    14. Slog.d(TAG, "running: " + mServices[i]);
    15. mServices[i].start();
    16. }
            final int N = SERVICES.length;
            mServices = new SystemUI[N];
            for (int i=0; i

    这些方法会分别启动两个方法,这两个方法可以从log中知道,分别是PhoneStatusBar.start()和PowerUI.start()。而我们的目的是要弄清SystemUI的启动,因此现关注PhoneStatusBar.start()方法。

    log信息:

    06-04 13:23:15.379: DEBUG/SystemUIService(396): loading: class com.android.systemui.statusbar.phone.PhoneStatusBar

    06-04 13:23:16.739: DEBUG/SystemUIService(396): loading: class com.android.systemui.power.PowerUI

    来到PhoneStatusBar.start()方法中,位于:SourceCode/frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/phone/PhoneStatusBar.java,代码如下:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. @Override
    2. public void start() {
    3. mDisplay = ((WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE))
    4. .getDefaultDisplay();
    5. mWindowManager = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
    6. ServiceManager.getService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE));
    7. super.start(); // calls makeStatusBarView()
    8. addNavigationBar();
    9. //addIntruderView();
    10. // Lastly, call to the icon policy to install/update all the icons.
    11. mIconPolicy = new PhoneStatusBarPolicy(mContext);
    12. }
        @Override
        public void start() {
            mDisplay = ((WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE))
                    .getDefaultDisplay();
    
            mWindowManager = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
                    ServiceManager.getService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE));
    
            super.start(); // calls makeStatusBarView()
    
            addNavigationBar();
    
            //addIntruderView();
    
            // Lastly, call to the icon policy to install/update all the icons.
            mIconPolicy = new PhoneStatusBarPolicy(mContext);
        }

    这里的重心主要是在super.start()和addNavigationBar()
    上。目前市面上很多手机已经刷入了ICS,但是大多数是没有NavigationBar的,也就是说自己修改了源码,屏蔽了NavigationBar。继续跟踪super.start()方法,来到/SourceCode/frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/StatusBar.java的start()方法中,代码如下:

    [java] view plain copy print ?
    1. public void start() {
    2. // First set up our views and stuff.
    3. View sb = makeStatusBarView();
    4. // Connect in to the status bar manager service
    5. StatusBarIconList iconList = new StatusBarIconList();
    6. ArrayList notificationKeys = new ArrayList();
    7. ArrayList notifications = new ArrayList();
    8. mCommandQueue = new CommandQueue(this, iconList);
    9. mBarService = IStatusBarService.Stub.asInterface(
    10. ServiceManager.getService(Context.STATUS_BAR_SERVICE));
    11. int[] switches = newint[7];
    12. ArrayList binders = new ArrayList();
    13. try {
    14. mBarService.registerStatusBar(mCommandQueue, iconList, notificationKeys, notifications,
    15. switches, binders);
    16. } catch (RemoteException ex) {
    17. // If the system process isn't there we're doomed anyway.
    18. }
    19. disable(switches[0]);
    20. setSystemUiVisibility(switches[1]);
    21. topAppWindowChanged(switches[2] !=0);
    22. // StatusBarManagerService has a back up of IME token and it's restored here.
    23. setImeWindowStatus(binders.get(0), switches[3], switches[4]);
    24. setHardKeyboardStatus(switches[5] !=0, switches[6] !=0);
    25. // Set up the initial icon state
    26. int N = iconList.size();
    27. int viewIndex = 0;
    28. for (int i=0; i
    29. StatusBarIcon icon = iconList.getIcon(i);
    30. if (icon != null) {
    31. addIcon(iconList.getSlot(i), i, viewIndex, icon);
    32. viewIndex++;
    33. }
    34. }
    35. // Set up the initial notification state
    36. N = notificationKeys.size();
    37. if (N == notifications.size()) {
    38. for (int i=0; i
    39. addNotification(notificationKeys.get(i), notifications.get(i));
    40. }
    41. } else {
    42. Log.wtf(TAG, "Notification list length mismatch: keys=" + N
    43. + " notifications=" + notifications.size());
    44. }
    45. // Put up the view
    46. final int height = getStatusBarHeight();
    47. final WindowManager.LayoutParams lp =new WindowManager.LayoutParams(
    48. ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
    49. height,
    50. WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_STATUS_BAR,
    51. WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
    52. | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TOUCHABLE_WHEN_WAKING
    53. | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH,
    54. // We use a pixel format of RGB565 for the status bar to save memory bandwidth and
    55. // to ensure that the layer can be handled by HWComposer. On some devices the
    56. // HWComposer is unable to handle SW-rendered RGBX_8888 layers.
    57. PixelFormat.RGB_565);
    58. // the status bar should be in an overlay if possible
    59. final Display defaultDisplay
    60. = ((WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE))
    61. .getDefaultDisplay();
    62. // We explicitly leave FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED out of the flags. The status bar occupies
    63. // very little screen real-estate and is updated fairly frequently. By using CPU rendering
    64. // for the status bar, we prevent the GPU from having to wake up just to do these small
    65. // updates, which should help keep power consumption down.
    66. lp.gravity = getStatusBarGravity();
    67. lp.setTitle("StatusBar");
    68. lp.packageName = mContext.getPackageName();
    69. lp.windowAnimations = R.style.Animation_StatusBar;
    70. WindowManagerImpl.getDefault().addView(sb, lp);
    71. if (SPEW) {
    72. Slog.d(TAG, "Added status bar view: gravity=0x" + Integer.toHexString(lp.gravity)
    73. + " icons=" + iconList.size()
    74. + " disabled=0x" + Integer.toHexString(switches[0])
    75. + " lights=" + switches[1]
    76. + " menu=" + switches[2]
    77. + " imeButton=" + switches[3]
    78. );
    79. }
    80. mDoNotDisturb = new DoNotDisturb(mContext);
    81. }
        public void start() {
            // First set up our views and stuff.
            View sb = makeStatusBarView();
    
            // Connect in to the status bar manager service
            StatusBarIconList iconList = new StatusBarIconList();
            ArrayList notificationKeys = new ArrayList();
            ArrayList notifications = new ArrayList();
            mCommandQueue = new CommandQueue(this, iconList);
            mBarService = IStatusBarService.Stub.asInterface(
                    ServiceManager.getService(Context.STATUS_BAR_SERVICE));
            int[] switches = new int[7];
            ArrayList binders = new ArrayList();
            try {
                mBarService.registerStatusBar(mCommandQueue, iconList, notificationKeys, notifications,
                        switches, binders);
            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                // If the system process isn't there we're doomed anyway.
            }
    
            disable(switches[0]);
            setSystemUiVisibility(switches[1]);
            topAppWindowChanged(switches[2] != 0);
            // StatusBarManagerService has a back up of IME token and it's restored here.
            setImeWindowStatus(binders.get(0), switches[3], switches[4]);
            setHardKeyboardStatus(switches[5] != 0, switches[6] != 0);
    
            // Set up the initial icon state
            int N = iconList.size();
            int viewIndex = 0;
            for (int i=0; i在这里,完成了SystemUI的整个初始化以及设置过程,并最终呈现到界面上。在StatusBar中的start()方法主要完成了以下几个工作:首先获取需要在StatusBar上显示的各种icons。然后初始化一些属性。最后通过WindowManager的addView方法将StatusBar显示出来。分析到这里可能有人会问了,明明说分析的是SystemUI的嘛,怎么最后变成StatusBar了呢?如果你硬要说我跑题那我也没有办法,回过头去看看addNavigationBar(),你会发现和StatusBar的加载几乎一致,因此没必要再详述了。 
      如果细心阅读了的朋友肯定会发现这句代码: 
      

    mBarService = IStatusBarService.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService(Context.STATUS_BAR_SERVICE));

    这不正是我们前面add的StatusBarManagerSerivce吗?这里通过AIDL的方式来获取它的对象。

    整个代码执行的时序图如图2.2所示:

    图 2.2

    3.总结

    Android 4.0的SystemUI加载启动的过程大致就是这样,虽然看似简单,但这仅仅是个开始,master还是后面呢!!各家厂商根据自家的需求,需要定制SystemUI或者美化SystemUI,不同的平台(QCOM、MTK等等)也会有不同的修改,但大体框架是没有变的,无非是在原有基础上的修修改改或者增加一些自己的类等等。通过对Android源码框架性的理解,可以学习到很多设计上的知识(虽然自己还很欠缺)。通过这次分析,开始逐渐用StarUML来画时序图,这也是一个学习的过程。

    4、附上system ui 修改后可编译运行的源代码地址

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