CYGWIN设置

1. 资源

1.1. 网址链接

• 主页:

http://www.cygwin.com/

• 同步:

ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/cygwin/release/

ftp://anonymous:cygwin@ftp.gnupilgrims.org/pub/cygwin/release/

1.2. WIKI 关键字

2. 版本

• 最新版本:
  • 2004/01/31 : [Cygwin DLL 1.5.7-1 release]
  • 2004/01/19 : [Cygwin DLL 1.5.6-1 release]
  • 2003/09/20 : [Cygwin DLL 1.5.5-1 release]
  • 2003/09/13 : [Cygwin DLL 1.5.4-1 release]

3. FAQ

3.1. Q Howto get version info?

        bash$ cygcheck -c cygwin

3.2. Q 安装注意事项

• gzip

gzip 版本 1.3.3-4 可用。高版本如: 1.3.5-1 使 tar -z 命令运行不正常。

3.3. Q Howto setup default text format, CRLF(dos) or LF(unix)?

• 修改注册表项：HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Cygnus Solutions/Cygwin/mounts v2/.../cygdrive flags。 cygdrive flags是一个DWORD值，&0x2 == 0x2 为 Unix Style，否则为 Dos like style。

• 设置环境变量 CYGWIN, 使得在 pipe 等模式下的处理方式：export CYGWIN=nobinmode

3.4. Q 为什么在 Cygwin 下创建的文件，其他管理员不可写？

这是所谓的 ntsec 在起作用。通过 NTFS 的权限设置，模拟 UNIX 的权限。可以通过 CYGWIN 环境变量修改。如：

        bash$ export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

3.5. Q 如何让 ls 能够显示中文文件名?

因为 ls 不使用 readline 来显示, 因而不能用 .inputrc 控制。即 less 和 ls 需要特别设置。在 .bashrc 中加入如下 alias：

	alias less='/bin/less -r'
	alias ls='/bin/ls -F --color=tty --show-control-chars'

3.6. Q 如何在按 TAB 键进行文件名扩展时忽略大小写，这样在 Windows 下才方便噢?

参见： [Cygwin User's Guide]

Customizing bash

Three initialization files that control the behavior of bash: .profile, .bashrc and .inputrc.

.profile

It is executed when bash is started as login shell, e.g. from the command bash --login.

建议

• 在 PATH 后加上 ":."，这样可以象在 DOS 下，执行本目录下程序；

.bashrc

.bashrc is similar to .profile but is executed each time an interactive bash shell is launched.

.inputrc

.inputrc controls how programs using the readline library (including bash) behave.

# Ignore case while completing
set completion-ignore-case on
# Make Bash 8bit clean
set meta-flag on
set output-meta on # to show 8-bit characters
set convert-meta off # to show it as character, not the octal representation

但是并不能保证 ls 显示中文。因为这些工具不使用 readline 来显示。象 less 和 ls 需要特别设置。在 .bashrc 中加入如下 alias：

	alias less='/bin/less -r'
	alias ls='/bin/ls -F --color=tty --show-control-chars'

3.7. Q 如何在 Cygwin 中运行 crontab？

如下:

• 在Windows上安装系统服务 cron，开机即运行。

        bash$ cygrunsrv -I cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D

• 启动服务

        bash$ cygrunsrv -S cron

3.8. Q 配置 SSH client?

• 为了能够通过公钥验证进行SSH登陆其他服务器，先要在本地建立 SSH 公钥私钥对：

        bash$ ssh-keygen -t rsa1
        bash$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
        bash$ ssh-keygen -t dsa

• 建立无口令登录

需要将本机的 *.pub 拷贝(cat>>)到服务器中 $HOME/.ssh/ 下的 authorized_keys (ssh1) 和 authorized_keys2 (ssh2) 文件中去。

3.9. Q 如何在 cygwin 中运行 sshd （SSH Server）?

如下：

• 设置 Windows 环境变量，添加“CYGWIN = ntsec tty”

• Config SSHD, running:

        bash$ ssh-host-config -y

根据提示，输入 CYGWIN=ntsec tty

• Change permissions and ownership on some files:

        bash$ cd /; chmod -R og-w . 
        bash$ chmod og+w /tmp 
        bash$ touch /var/log/sshd.log 
        bash$ chown system:system /var/log/sshd.log /var/empty /etc/ssh_h* 
        bash$ chmod 755 /var/empty 

• start the service:

        bash$ cygrunsrv -S sshd

3.10. Q 如何在 cygwin 中配置 Email?

As follows:

• ssmtp & mutt
  • ssmtp

          bash$ /usr/bin/ssmtp-config
  

  When using mutt as the mail client, add the following line to your $HOME/.muttrc file:

          set sendmail="/usr/sbin/ssmtp"
  

• • mutt
    • Make sure you have the Cygwin ssmtp package installed

    check file /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf

    • vi .bashrc and/or .bash_profile

            export MAIL=~/Mail/inbox
            export EDITOR=nano
    

    If you have nano installed (and I stongly recommend that you do)

    • Create the following directory structure in your HOME directory:

            ~/Mail
               |
               -- inbox (EMPTY FILE, NOT DIRECTORY)
               |
               -- sent (EMPTY FILE, NOT DIRECTORY)
               |
               -- received (EMPTY FILE, NOT DIRECTORY)
               |
               -- postponed (EMPTY FILE, NOT DIRECTORY)
    

    • Create a ~/.muttrc file that looks like this:

            # The file/directory where your incoming mail will be spooled to
            # (same as 'set spoolfile' below)
            mailboxes ~/Mail/inbox
            
            # Mail account setup.  I know nothing about IMAP, so you're
            # on your own there.
            set sendmail="/usr/sbin/ssmtp"
            #set pop_host="your.pop3.mail.server.com"
            #set pop_last=yes
            #set pop_user="your_email_username"
            #set pop_pass="your_email_password"
            set from="your_complete@email_address.com"
            
            # Mail folder setup.
            set folder=~/Mail
            set mbox_type=mbox
            set spoolfile=+inbox
            set mbox=+received
            set postponed=+postponed
            set record=+sent
    

• • • mutt command line

        mutt [...] address
        参数:
            -a file : attach a file to message
            -b address: BCC
            -c address: CC
            -F muttrc
            -H draft: draft contain both header and body
            -s subject: subject of the message
            -x : emulate the mailx compose mode
        
        环境变量:
            EMAIL : user's email address
            MAIL  : user's spool mailbox
        示例:
            bash$ echo "contents" | mutt -x -s "subject" mail@address
            bash$ echo  | mutt -x -s "subject" -i filename mail@address

• exim & minires
  • exim

      Exim is a fully featured mail transfer agent, a drop-in replacement for sendmail.
          bash$ /usr/bin/exim-config
          bash$ view /etc/exim.conf 
          bash$ vi /etc/aliases
                    postmaster: your_login_name
          bash$ vi /etc/reslov.conf
                    nameserver 10.0.0.7
                    search your.domain
          bash$ cygrunsrv -I exim -p /usr/bin/exim -e CYGWIN=nontsec   
                    -a "-bdf -q15m" -d "Exim Mail Transfer Agent" 
                    -1 /var/log/exim/cygrunsrv_out.log -2 /var/log/exim/cygrunsrv_err.log
          bash$ cygrunsrv -S exim
  

3.11. Q 如何得到 Dos/Windows? 格式的路径名?

        bash$ cygpath -d -m "`pwd`"

3.12. Q Setup Xinetd

• start init service

        bash$ /usr/bin/init-config

• chkconfig 工具用来维护 /etc/rc.d 下的脚本
  • 若要启动 sshd 执行 "/sbin/chkconfig --add sshd"

• xinetd config

        bash$ /usr/bin/xinetd-config

3.13. Q other command?

ttcp, netsnoop

3.14. Q XFree86 under Cygwin?

• add /usr/X11R6/bin to PATH;
• start Xwindow using startxwin.bat(dos/windows), or startxwin.sh(cygwin);
• if has a firewall installed, open port "6000" of local server;
• run xclient in local machine, just set environment: export DISPLAY=127.0.0.1:0.0
• if run xclient in remote machine, give authorize to remote host:

bash$ /usr/X11R6/bin/xhost remote_hostname_or_ip_address

• telnet/ssh to remote host;
• set environment DISPLAY, like: export DISPLAY=:0.0
• xterm

3.15. Q 安装后的设置综述?

• binmode or textmode?

执行 mount 命令，如果不是 textmode，修改注册表 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Cygnus Solutions/Cygwin/mounts v2/.../cygdrive flags。 cygdrive flags是一个DWORD值，&0x2 == 0x2 为 Unix Style，否则为 Dos like style。

• 修改 ~/.inputrc 文件，加入如下内容

# Ignore case while completing
set completion-ignore-case on
# Make Bash 8bit clean
set meta-flag on
set output-meta on # to show 8-bit characters
set convert-meta off # to show it as character, not the octal representation

• 修改 /etc/profile, 加入如下内容：

set -o vi

alias less='/bin/less -r'
alias ls='/bin/ls -F --color=tty --show-control-chars'

# glob filenames in a case-insensitive manner
shopt -s nocaseglob

export SGML_CATALOG_FILES=/share/catalog.sgml
export XML_CATALOG_FILES=/share/catalog.xml
export CYGWIN="nobinmode nontsec nosmbntsec"
export PATH=$PATH:.

• 修改登录用户的主要组:

        bash$ vi /etc/passwd

默认属于 513 组(对于域控制器是Domain Users，非域控制器为 NONE)，个人偏好设置为 544(Administrator)

• 建立 symbol link:
  • 因为一些脚本默认的 md5 摘要程序是 md5, 而非 md5sum；

          bash$ ln -s /usr/bin/md5sum /usr/bin/md5
  

  • 设置 DOCBOOK DTD/DSSSL 路径

          bash$ ln -sf /cygdrive/e/HOME/WORK/johnson_homepage/worldhello/share /share
  

• • 设置 usemodwiki 路径映射

mkdir /repos
cd /repos/
ln -s /cygdrive/d /d
ln -s /d/HOME/WORK/johnson_homepage/worldhello/usemod JohnsonUseModWiki
ln -s /d/HOME/WORK/johnson_homepage/worldhello/wiki .

• • 设置建立工作路径

        bash$ ln -sf /cygdrive/e/HOME/WORK/ ~/work

---