matplotlib
导入
from matplotlibimport pyplotas plt
from wordcloudimport WordCloud
在显示Plots界面中文
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] =False
import jieba
import numpyas np
使用100个点 绘制 [0 , 2π]正弦曲线图
.linspace 左闭右闭区间的等差数列
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, num=100)
y = np.arctan(x)
正弦和余弦在同一坐标系下
cosy = np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x, y, color='g', linestyle='--',label='sin(x)')
plt.plot(x, cosy, color='r',label='cos(x)')
plt.xlabel('时间（s）')
plt.ylabel('电压（V）')
plt.title('欢迎来到python世界')
图例显示
plt.legend()
plt.show()
柱状图
import string
from randomimport randint
x = ['物品{}'.format(x)for xin string.ascii_uppercase[:5]]
y = [randint(200,500)for _in range(5)]
plt.xlabel('品牌')
plt.ylabel('价格')
plt.title('欢迎来到python世界')
图例
plt.bar(x, y)
plt.show()
饼图
from randomimport randint
import string
counts = [randint(3500, 9000)for _in range(6)]
labels = ['员工{}'.format(x)for xin string.ascii_lowercase[:6] ]
距离圆心点距离
explode = [0.1,0,0, 0, 0,0]
colors = ['red', 'purple','blue', 'yellow','gray','green']
plt.pie(counts,explode = explode,shadow=True, labels=labels, autopct ='%1.1f%%',colors=colors)
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.show()
散点图
均值为 0 标准差为1 的正太分布数据
x = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)
y = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()
x = np.random.normal(0, 1, 1000000)
y = np.random.normal(0, 1, 1000000)
alpha透明度
plt.scatter(x, y, alpha=0.1)
plt.show()
实验绘制 三国top10 饼图
1.读取小说内容
with open('./路径/文件名.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')as f:
words = f.read()
counts = {}
excludes = {"将军", "却说", "丞相", "二人", "不可", "荆州", "不能", "如此", "商议",
"如何", "主公", "军士", "军马", "左右", "次日", "引兵", "大喜", "天下",
"东吴", "于是", "今日", "不敢", "魏兵", "陛下", "都督", "人马", "不知",
"孔明曰","玄德曰","刘备","云长"}
2. 分词
words_list = jieba.lcut(words)
for wordin words_list:
if len(word) <=1:
continue
else:
3.更新字典中的值
# counts[word] = 取出字典中原来键对应的值+ 1
# counts[word] = counts[word] + 1 # counts[word]如果没有就要报错
# 字典。get（k） 如果字典中没有这个键 返回NONE
counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) +1
4.词语过滤,删除无关词，重复词
counts['孔明'] = counts['孔明'] + counts['孔明曰']
counts['玄德'] = counts['玄德'] + counts['玄德曰'] +counts['刘备']
counts['关公'] = counts['关公'] +counts['云长']
for wordin excludes:
del counts[word]
5.排序[(), ()]
items =list(counts.items())
def sort_by_count(x):
return x[1]
items.sort(key=sort_by_count, reverse=True)
counts = []
labels = []
for iin range(10):
role, count = items[i]
counts.append(count)
labels.append(role)
饼图
距离圆心点距离
explode = [0,0,0, 0, 0,0,0, 0, 0,0]
colors = ['red', 'purple','blue', 'yellow','gray','green','purple','orange','brown','pink']
plt.pie(counts,explode = explode,shadow=True, labels=labels, autopct ='%1.1f%%',colors=colors)
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.show()