如何产生Yokoi Connectivity Number? (.NET) (C++/CLI) (C/C++) (Image Processing)
本范例先将leng.jpg轉成binary image，然後从512*512 downsampling成64*64，downsampling的规则为以8*8为unit，取topmost-left为downsampled data，最后产生Yokoi Connectivity Number。
1
/**/
/*
2
(C) OOMusou 2006 http://oomusou.cnblogs.com
3
4Filename : memset1.cpp
5Compiler : Visual C++ 8.0
6Description : Demo how to produce Yokoi connectivity number
7Release : 12/06/2006
8
*/
9
10#include
"
stdafx.h
"
11#include
<
fstream
>
12#include
<
iostream
>
13
14
using
namespace
System::Drawing;
15
using
namespace
System::Drawing::Imaging;
16
17
//
enum for q,r,s
18
//
only support in C++/CLI
19
enum
class
hType
{
20 q,
21 r,
22 s
23}
;
24
25
//
Binarize image
26
void
binarize(Bitmap
^
, Bitmap
^
);
27
//
Downsampling image by factor
28
void
downSampleing(Bitmap
^
, Bitmap
^
,
int
,
int
);
29
//
h func for Yokoi
30
hType h(Color, Color, Color, Color);
31
//
h func for Yokoi
32
int
f(hType, hType, hType, hType);
33
//
Process Yokoi connectivity number
34
void
yokoi(Bitmap
^
,
const
char
*
);
35
36
int
main()
{
37 // Read lena.jpg
38 Bitmap^ oriImg = gcnew Bitmap("lena.jpg");
39 // Declare binary image for lena.jpg
40 Bitmap^ binImg = gcnew Bitmap(oriImg->Width, oriImg->Height);
41 // Binarize lena.jpg
42 binarize(oriImg, binImg);
43
44 // Declare down-sampling image for binarized image
45 Bitmap^ dsImg = gcnew Bitmap(64, 64);
46 // Downsampling image by factor 8*8
47 downSampleing(binImg, dsImg, 8, 8);
48 // Process Yokoi connectivity number
49 yokoi(dsImg, "YokoiMatrix.txt");
50
51 return 0;
52}
53
54
//
Binarize image
55
void
binarize(Bitmap
^
oriImg, Bitmap
^
binImg)
{
56
for (int y = 0; y != oriImg->Height; ++y) {
57 for (int x = 0; x != oriImg->Width; ++x) {
58 int gray = (oriImg->GetPixel(x, y).R +
59 oriImg->GetPixel(x, y).G +
60 oriImg->GetPixel(x, y).B) / 3;
61
62 // If intensity >= 128, set the pixel to black.
63 // If intensity < 128, set the pixel to white.
64 if (gray >= 128) {
65 binImg->SetPixel(x, y, Color::White);
66
}
67 else {
68 binImg->SetPixel(x, y, Color::Black);
69 }
70 }
71 }
72}
73
74
//
Downsampling image by factor
75
void
downSampleing(Bitmap
^
oriImg, Bitmap
^
dsImg,
int
unitX,
int
unitY)
{
76 for (int x = 0, i = 0; x != oriImg->Width; x += unitX, ++i) {
77 for (int y = 0, j = 0; y != oriImg->Height; y += unitY, ++j) {
78 dsImg->SetPixel(i, j,oriImg->GetPixel(x, y));
79 }
80 }
81}
82
83
//
h func for Yokoi
84
//
Computer and Robot Vision P.274, Robert M. Haralick
85
hType h(Color b, Color c, Color d, Color e)
{
86 if (b == c && (d != b || e != b)) {
87 //return q;
88 return hType::q;
89 }
90 else if (b == c && (d == b && e == b)) {
91 //return r;
92 return hType::r;
93 }
94 else {
95 //return s;
96 return hType::s;
97 }
98}
99
100
//
f func for Yokoi
101
//
Computer and Robot Vision P.274, Robert M. Haralick
102
int
f(hType a1, hType a2, hType a3, hType a4)
{
103 if ((a1 == a2) && (a2 == a3) && (a3 == a4) && (a4 == hType::r)) {
104 return 5;
105 }
106 else {
107 // Count the number of q
108 int n = 0;
109
110 if (a1 == hType::q) ++n;
111 if (a2 == hType::q) ++n;
112 if (a3 == hType::q) ++n;
113 if (a4 == hType::q) ++n;
114
115 return n;
116 }
117}
118
119
//
Process Yokoi connectivity number
120
void
yokoi(Bitmap
^
oriImg,
const
char
*
fileName)
{
121 std::ofstream output(fileName);
122
123 for (int y = 0; y != oriImg->Height; ++y) {
124 for (int x = 0; x != oriImg->Width; ++x) {
125 Color x0 = oriImg->GetPixel(x, y);
126
127 // Only process 1 in binary image (White)
128 if (x0 == Color::FromArgb(255,255,255)) {
129 Color x1 = Color::Black;
130 if (x+1 < oriImg->Width) { // Check for the boundary
131 x1 = oriImg->GetPixel(x+1, y);
132 }
133
134 Color x2 = Color::Black;
135 if (y-1 >= 0) {
136 x2 = oriImg->GetPixel(x, y-1);
137 }
138
139 Color x3 = Color::Black;
140 if (x-1 >= 0) {
141 x3 = oriImg->GetPixel(x-1, y);
142 }
143
144 Color x4 = Color::Black;
145 if (y+1 < oriImg->Height) {
146 x4 = oriImg->GetPixel(x, y+1);
147 }
148
149 Color x5 = Color::Black;
150 if (x+1 < oriImg->Width && y+1 < oriImg->Height) {
151 x5 = oriImg->GetPixel(x+1, y+1);
152 }
153
154 Color x6 = Color::Black;
155 if (x+1 < oriImg->Width && y-1 >= 0) {
156 x6 = oriImg->GetPixel(x+1, y-1);
157 }
158
159 Color x7 = Color::Black;
160 if (x-1 >= 0 && y-1 >= 0) {
161 x7 = oriImg->GetPixel(x-1, y-1);
162 }
163
164 Color x8 = Color::Black;
165 if (x-1 >= 0 && y+1 < oriImg->Height) {
166 x8 = oriImg->GetPixel(x-1, y+1);
167 }
168
169 // Computer and Robot Vision P.274, Robert M. Haralick
170 int n = f(h(x0, x1, x6, x2),
171 h(x0, x2, x7, x3),
172 h(x0, x3, x8, x4),
173 h(x0, x4, x5, x1));
174
175 // Write to file
176 output << n << " ";
177
178 }
179 else { // 0 in binary image (Black)
180 output << " " << " ";
181 }
182 }
183 // New line
184 output << std::endl;
185 }
186}
/**/
/* 2
(C) OOMusou 2006 http://oomusou.cnblogs.com3
4
Filename : memset1.cpp5
Compiler : Visual C++ 8.06
Description : Demo how to produce Yokoi connectivity number7
Release : 12/06/20068
*/
9
10
#include
"
stdafx.h
"
11
#include
<
fstream
>
12
#include
<
iostream
>
13
14
using
namespace
System::Drawing;15
using
namespace
System::Drawing::Imaging;16
17
//
enum for q,r,s 18
//
only support in C++/CLI
19
enum
class
hType
{20
q,21
r,22
s23
}
;24
25
//
Binarize image
26
void
binarize(Bitmap
^
, Bitmap
^
);27
//
Downsampling image by factor
28
void
downSampleing(Bitmap
^
, Bitmap
^
,
int
,
int
);29
//
h func for Yokoi
30
hType h(Color, Color, Color, Color);31
//
h func for Yokoi
32
int
f(hType, hType, hType, hType);33
//
Process Yokoi connectivity number
34
void
yokoi(Bitmap
^
,
const
char
*
);35
36
int
main()
{37
// Read lena.jpg38
Bitmap^ oriImg = gcnew Bitmap("lena.jpg");39
// Declare binary image for lena.jpg40
Bitmap^ binImg = gcnew Bitmap(oriImg->Width, oriImg->Height);41
// Binarize lena.jpg42
binarize(oriImg, binImg);43
44
// Declare down-sampling image for binarized image45
Bitmap^ dsImg = gcnew Bitmap(64, 64);46
// Downsampling image by factor 8*847
downSampleing(binImg, dsImg, 8, 8);48
// Process Yokoi connectivity number49
yokoi(dsImg, "YokoiMatrix.txt");50
51
return 0;52
}
53
54
//
Binarize image
55
void
binarize(Bitmap
^
oriImg, Bitmap
^
binImg)
{56
for (int y = 0; y != oriImg->Height; ++y) {57
for (int x = 0; x != oriImg->Width; ++x) {58
int gray = (oriImg->GetPixel(x, y).R +59
oriImg->GetPixel(x, y).G +60
oriImg->GetPixel(x, y).B) / 3;61
62
// If intensity >= 128, set the pixel to black.63
// If intensity < 128, set the pixel to white.64
if (gray >= 128) {65
binImg->SetPixel(x, y, Color::White);66
}67
else {68
binImg->SetPixel(x, y, Color::Black);69
}70
}71
}72
}
73
74
//
Downsampling image by factor
75
void
downSampleing(Bitmap
^
oriImg, Bitmap
^
dsImg,
int
unitX,
int
unitY)
{76
for (int x = 0, i = 0; x != oriImg->Width; x += unitX, ++i) {77
for (int y = 0, j = 0; y != oriImg->Height; y += unitY, ++j) {78
dsImg->SetPixel(i, j,oriImg->GetPixel(x, y));79
}80
}81
}
82
83
//
h func for Yokoi84
//
Computer and Robot Vision P.274, Robert M. Haralick
85
hType h(Color b, Color c, Color d, Color e)
{86
if (b == c && (d != b || e != b)) {87
//return q;88
return hType::q;89
}90
else if (b == c && (d == b && e == b)) {91
//return r;92
return hType::r;93
}94
else {95
//return s;96
return hType::s;97
}98
}
99
100
//
f func for Yokoi101
//
Computer and Robot Vision P.274, Robert M. Haralick
102
int
f(hType a1, hType a2, hType a3, hType a4)
{103
if ((a1 == a2) && (a2 == a3) && (a3 == a4) && (a4 == hType::r)) {104
return 5;105
}106
else {107
// Count the number of q108
int n = 0;109
110
if (a1 == hType::q) ++n;111
if (a2 == hType::q) ++n;112
if (a3 == hType::q) ++n;113
if (a4 == hType::q) ++n;114
115
return n;116
}117
}
118
119
//
Process Yokoi connectivity number
120
void
yokoi(Bitmap
^
oriImg,
const
char
*
fileName)
{121
std::ofstream output(fileName);122
123
for (int y = 0; y != oriImg->Height; ++y) {124
for (int x = 0; x != oriImg->Width; ++x) {125
Color x0 = oriImg->GetPixel(x, y);126
127
// Only process 1 in binary image (White)128
if (x0 == Color::FromArgb(255,255,255)) {129
Color x1 = Color::Black;130
if (x+1 < oriImg->Width) { // Check for the boundary131
x1 = oriImg->GetPixel(x+1, y);132
}133
134
Color x2 = Color::Black;135
if (y-1 >= 0) {136
x2 = oriImg->GetPixel(x, y-1);137
}138
139
Color x3 = Color::Black;140
if (x-1 >= 0) {141
x3 = oriImg->GetPixel(x-1, y);142
}143
144
Color x4 = Color::Black;145
if (y+1 < oriImg->Height) {146
x4 = oriImg->GetPixel(x, y+1);147
}148
149
Color x5 = Color::Black;150
if (x+1 < oriImg->Width && y+1 < oriImg->Height) {151
x5 = oriImg->GetPixel(x+1, y+1);152
}153
154
Color x6 = Color::Black;155
if (x+1 < oriImg->Width && y-1 >= 0) {156
x6 = oriImg->GetPixel(x+1, y-1);157
}158
159
Color x7 = Color::Black;160
if (x-1 >= 0 && y-1 >= 0) {161
x7 = oriImg->GetPixel(x-1, y-1);162
}163
164
Color x8 = Color::Black;165
if (x-1 >= 0 && y+1 < oriImg->Height) {166
x8 = oriImg->GetPixel(x-1, y+1);167
}168
169
// Computer and Robot Vision P.274, Robert M. Haralick170
int n = f(h(x0, x1, x6, x2),171
h(x0, x2, x7, x3),172
h(x0, x3, x8, x4),173
h(x0, x4, x5, x1));174
175
// Write to file176
output << n << " ";177
178
}179
else { // 0 in binary image (Black)180
output << " " << " ";181
}182
}183
// New line184
output << std::endl;185
}186
}
原图
Downsampling
Yokoi Connectivity Number
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1
1
5
1
1
53
2
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
54
2
1
5
1
0
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
5
5
1
1
2
1
5
1
1
55
2
1
5
2
1
0
0
1
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
5
5
5
1
2
2
1
5
1
56
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
0
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
5
5
2
1
1
5
1
1
57
2
1
5
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
5
1
58
2
1
1
5
1
1
0
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
5
1
59
1
1
1
5
1
0
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
5
1
1
60
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
1
61
1
1
1
5
1
0
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
2
1
1
62
1
1
1
5
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
63
1
1
1
5
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
64
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reference