java初学者必看!Java中封装和继承的案例,对你学java很有帮助!

一、代码及效果图

1.封装

案例:需求说明
使用封装实现电子宠物系统的企鹅类正确输入健康值和亲密度
保证健康值的有效性(0-100),否则取默认值60
保证亲密度的有效性(0-100),否则取默认值60
代码如下(示例):

package work1;

public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int love;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(int sex) {
        if(sex==1){
            this.sex = "Q仔";
        }else{
            this.sex = "Q妹";
        }

    }

    public int getLove() {
        return love;
    }

    public void setLove(int love) {
        if(love>=0&&love<=100){
            this.love = love;
        }else {
            System.out.println("亲密度应该在0-100之间,默认值是60");
            this.love = 60;
        }
    }
}
package work1;

public class Penguin {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int health;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(int sex) {
        if(sex==1){
            this.sex = "Q仔";
        }else{
            this.sex = "Q妹";
        }

    }

    public int getHealth() {
        return health;
    }

    public void setHealth(int health) {
        if(health>=0&&health<=100){
            this.health = health;
        }else {
            System.out.println("健康值应该在0-100之间,默认值是60");
            this.health = 60;
        }
    }
}
package work1;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("欢迎您来到宠物店! \n 请输入要领养宠物的名字:");
        String name = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请选择要领养的宠物类型:(1.狗狗  2.企鹅)");
        int i = sc.nextInt();
        if(i==1){//狗狗
            Dog dog = new Dog();
            dog.setName(name);
            System.out.println("请选择狗狗的性别:(1.Q仔  2.Q妹)");
            dog.setSex(sc.nextInt());
            System.out.println("请输入狗狗的亲密度(1~100之间):");
            dog.setLove(sc.nextInt());

            System.out.println("宠物的自白:\n 我的名字叫"+name+",健康值是"+0+",和主人的" +
                    "亲密度是"+dog.getLove()+",我的性别是"+dog.getSex());
        }else {//企鹅
            Penguin p = new Penguin();
            p.setName(name);
            System.out.println("请选择企鹅的性别:(1.Q仔  2.Q妹)");
             p.setSex(sc.nextInt());
            System.out.println("请输入企鹅的健康值(1~100之间):");
             p.setHealth(sc.nextInt());
            System.out.println("宠物的自白:\n 我的名字叫"+name+",健康值是"+p.getHealth()+",和主人的" +
                    "亲密度是"+0+",我的性别是"+p.getSex());
        }

    }
}

2.继承

案例:使用继承优化电子宠物系统,抽取父类,创建子类,在子类中使用super调用父类构造方法。
代码如下(示例):

package work3;

public class Dog extends Pet {
    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("宠物的自白:\n 我的名字叫"+this.getName()+",健康值是"+0+",和主人的" +
                "亲密度是"+this.getLove()+",我的性别是"+this.getSex());
    }

    private int love;

    public Dog(String name, int sex, int love) {
        super(name, sex);
        this.love = love;
    }

    public int getLove() {
        return love;
    }

    public void setLove(int love) {
        if(love>=0&&love<=100){
            this.love = love;
        }else {
            System.out.println("亲密度应该在0-100之间,默认值是60");
            this.love = 60;
        }
    }
}
package work3;

public class Penguin extends Pet {

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("宠物的自白:\n 我的名字叫"+this.getName()+",健康值是"+this.getHealth()+",和主人的" +
                "亲密度是"+0+",我的性别是"+this.getSex());
    }
    private int health;

    public Penguin(String name, int sex, int health) {
        super(name, sex);
        this.health = health;
    }

    public int getHealth() {
        return health;
    }

    public void setHealth(int health) {
        if(health>=0&&health<=100){
            this.health = health;
        }else {
            System.out.println("健康值应该在0-100之间,默认值是60");
            this.health = 60;
        }
    }
}
package work3;

public class Pet {
    private String name;
    private String sex;

    public void show(){

    }

    public Pet(String name, int sex) {
        this.name = name;
        if(sex==1){
            this.sex = "Q仔";
        }else{
            this.sex = "Q妹";
        }
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(int sex) {
        if(sex==1){
            this.sex = "Q仔";
        }else{
            this.sex = "Q妹";
        }

    }
}
package work3;

import java.util.Scanner;

import static java.lang.System.out;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        out.println("欢迎您来到宠物店! \n 请输入要领养宠物的名字:");
        String name = sc.next();
        out.println("请选择要领养的宠物类型:(1.狗狗  2.企鹅)");
        int i = sc.nextInt();
        if (i==1){//狗狗
            out.println("请选择狗狗的性别:(1.Q仔  2.Q妹)");
            int sex=sc.nextInt();
            out.println("请输入狗狗的亲密度(1~100之间):");
            Dog dog = new Dog(name, sex, sc.nextInt());
            dog.show();
        }else {//企鹅
            out.println("请选择企鹅的性别:(1.Q仔  2.Q妹)");
            int sex=sc.nextInt();
            out.println("请输入企鹅的健康值(1~100之间):");
            Penguin p = new Penguin(name, sex, sc.nextInt());
            p.show();
        }
    }
}

总结

以上就是封装和继承案例的内容,主要利用了封装和继承的方法。
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