Autofac是一款IOC框架,比较于其他的IOC框架,如Spring.NET,Unity,Castle等等所包含的,它很轻量级性能上也是很高的。于是,今天抽空研究了下它。下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/autofac/downloads/list
1)解压它的压缩包,主要看到Autofac.dll,Autofac.Configuration.dll,这也是本篇文章重点使用的Autofac的类库。
2)创建一个控制台工程,并且引用以上的DLL文件。创建一个数据库操作接口IDatabase.cs:
///
<summary>
///
Database operate interface
///
</summary>
public
interface
IDatabase
{
string
Name {
get
; }
void
Select(
string
commandText);
void
Insert(
string
commandText);
void
Update(
string
commandText);
void
Delete(
string
commandText);
}
这里包含CRUD四种操作的方法。
3)创建两种数据库的操作类,SqlDatabase.cs以及OracleDatabase.cs:
public
class
SqlDatabase : IDatabase
{
public
string
Name
{
get
{
return
"
sqlserver
"
; }
}
public
void
Select(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a query sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
public
void
Insert(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a insert sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
public
void
Update(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a update sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
public
void
Delete(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a delete sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
}
以及
public
class
OracleDatabase : IDatabase
{
public
string
Name
{
get
{
return
"
oracle
"
; }
}
public
void
Select(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a query sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
public
void
Insert(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a insert sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
public
void
Update(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a update sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
public
void
Delete(
string
commandText)
{
Console.WriteLine(
string
.Format(
"
'{0}' is a delete sql in {1}!
"
, commandText, Name));
}
}
4)接着创建一个数据库管理器DatabaseManager.cs:
public
class
DatabaseManager
{
IDatabase _database;
public
DatabaseManager(IDatabase database)
{
_database
=
database;
}
public
void
Search(
string
commandText)
{
_database.Select(commandText);
}
public
void
Add(
string
commandText)
{
_database.Insert(commandText);
}
public
void
Save(
string
commandText)
{
_database.Update(commandText);
}
public
void
Remove(
string
commandText)
{
_database.Delete(commandText);
}
}
5)在控制台中,编写以下测试程序:
var builder
=
new
ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterType
<
DatabaseManager
>
();
builder.RegisterType
<
SqlDatabase
>
().As
<
IDatabase
>
();
using
(var container
=
builder.Build())
{
var manager
=
container.Resolve
<
DatabaseManager
>
();
manager.Search(
"
SELECT * FORM USER
"
);
}
运行结果:
分析:
这里通过ContainerBuilder方法RegisterType对DatabaseManager进行注册,当注册的类型在相应得到的容器中可以Resolve你的DatabaseManager实例。
builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();通过AS可以让DatabaseManager类中通过构造函数依赖注入类型相应的接口。
Build()方法生成一个对应的Container实例,这样,就可以通过Resolve解析到注册的类型实例。
同样地,如果你修改数据库类型注册为:
builder.RegisterType<OracleDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
运行结果:
6)显然以上的程序中,SqlDatabase或者OracleDatabase已经暴露于客户程序中了,现在我想将该类型选择通过文件配置进行读取。Autofac自带了一个Autofac.Configuration.dll 非常方便地对类型进行配置,避免了程序的重新编译。
修改App.config:
<
configuration
>
<
configSections
>
<
section
name
="autofac"
type
="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration"
/>
</
configSections
>
<
autofac
defaultAssembly
="AutofacDemo"
>
<
components
>
<
component
type
="AutofacDemo.SqlDatabase, AutofacDemo"
service
="AutofacDemo.IDatabase"
/>
</
components
>
</
autofac
>
</
configuration
>
通过Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler配置节点对组件进行处理。
对应的客户端程序改为:
var builder
=
new
ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterType
<
DatabaseManager
>
();
builder.RegisterModule(
new
ConfigurationSettingsReader(
"
autofac
"
));
using
(var container
=
builder.Build())
{
var manager
=
container.Resolve
<
DatabaseManager
>
();
manager.Search(
"
SELECT * FORM USER
"
);
}
运行结果:
7)另外还有一种方式,通过Register方法进行注册:
var builder
=
new
ContainerBuilder();
//
builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>();
builder.RegisterModule(
new
ConfigurationSettingsReader(
"
autofac
"
));
builder.Register(c
=>
new
DatabaseManager(c.Resolve
<
IDatabase
>
()));
using
(var container
=
builder.Build())
{
var manager
=
container.Resolve
<
DatabaseManager
>
();
manager.Search(
"
SELECT * FORM USER
"
);
}
得到结果也是一样的。
8)现在我想通过一个用户类来控制操作权限,比如增删改的权限,创建一个用户类:
///
<summary>
///
Id Identity Interface
///
</summary>
public
interface
Identity
{
int
Id {
get
;
set
; }
}
public
class
User : Identity
{
public
int
Id {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
Name {
get
;
set
; }
}
修改DatabaseManager.cs代码:
public
class
DatabaseManager
{
IDatabase _database;
User _user;
public
DatabaseManager(IDatabase database) :
this
(database,
null
)
{
}
public
DatabaseManager(IDatabase database, User user)
{
_database
=
database;
_user
=
user;
}
///
<summary>
///
Check Authority
///
</summary>
///
<returns></returns>
public
bool
IsAuthority()
{
bool
result
=
_user
!=
null
&&
_user.Id
==
1
&&
_user.Name
==
"
leepy
"
?
true
:
false
;
if
(
!
result)
Console.WriteLine(
"
Not authority!
"
);
return
result;
}
public
void
Search(
string
commandText)
{
_database.Select(commandText);
}
public
void
Add(
string
commandText)
{
if
(IsAuthority())
_database.Insert(commandText);
}
public
void
Save(
string
commandText)
{
if
(IsAuthority())
_database.Update(commandText);
}
public
void
Remove(
string
commandText)
{
if
(IsAuthority())
_database.Delete(commandText);
}
}
在构造函数中增加了一个参数User,而Add,Save,Remove增加了权限判断。
修改客户端程序:
User user
=
new
User { Id
=
1
, Name
=
"
leepy
"
};
var builder
=
new
ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterModule(
new
ConfigurationSettingsReader(
"
autofac
"
));
builder.RegisterInstance(user).As
<
User
>
();
builder.Register(c
=>
new
DatabaseManager(c.Resolve
<
IDatabase
>
(), c.Resolve
<
User
>
()));
using
(var container
=
builder.Build())
{
var manager
=
container.Resolve
<
DatabaseManager
>
();
manager.Add(
"
INSERT INTO USER ...
"
);
}
运行结果:
分析:
builder.RegisterInstance(user).As<User>();注册User实例。
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>(), c.Resolve<User>()));通过Lampda表达式注册DatabaseManager实例。
如果这里我修改User的属性值:
User user = new User { Id = 2, Name = "zhangsan" };
运行结果:
说明该用户无权限操作。
源代码下载:AutofacDemo.rar