mysql 5.7 nginx负载+mysql双主实现
mysql 5.7 nginx负载+mysql双主实现
- 一台不够再加一台
-
- 准备工作
- mysql配置文件
- mysqA与mysqlB 配置从权限
-
- mysql A 查看master状态
- mysql B 查看master状态
- nginx配置
-
-
- 解压
- 执行configuration
- 启动nginx
-
- 配置nginx代理数据库
- 我的nginx.conf文件
-
一台不够再加一台
现在先写个一台nginx的，后续修改为热nginx
准备工作
mysql 5.7 安装包
mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
# 百度云：不推荐，学习下载安装工具，肯定是选找新的来，我是迫于无奈，公司主用的是5.7的
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zIDvIEouGQSpAfPFR8hSnQ
1234
# 推荐清华镜像站，感谢清华，虽说拒绝了去读书，但是依然为我这个废柴提供了镜像服务
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/
三台服务器
nginx：172.165.165.121
mysqlA：172.165.165.131
mysqlB：172.165.165.132
nginx安装：
数据库安装：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37809967/article/details/109396043
mysql配置文件
mysql A 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# 跳过登录密码校验，用于重置密码时使用
# skip-grant-tables
user=root
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /data/mysql
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql.err
server-id = 1
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 2 #奇数ID
log-bin = mysql-bin #打开二进制功能,MASTER主服务器必须打开此项
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=0
sync_binlog=0
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
expire_logs_days=5
max_binlog_size=1024M #binlog单文件最大值
replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主从的数据库
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = zabbix
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 30
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' #连接时执行的SQL
character-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout=1800 #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式
max_allowed_packet = 10M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 4M
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 16K
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=1
long_query_time = 6
slow_query_log_file=slow-query.log
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysqld_safe]
mysql B 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# 跳过登录密码校验，用于重置密码时使用
# skip-grant-tables
user=root
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /data/mysql
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql.err
server-id = 2
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2 #奇数ID
log-bin = mysql-bin #打开二进制功能,MASTER主服务器必须打开此项
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=0
sync_binlog=0
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
expire_logs_days=5
max_binlog_size=1024M #binlog单文件最大值
replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主从的数据库
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = zabbix
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 30
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' #连接时执行的SQL
character-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout=1800 #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式
max_allowed_packet = 10M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 4M
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 16K
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=1
long_query_time = 6
slow_query_log_file=slow-query.log
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysqld_safe]
主要配置都是一样的，注意的是broker-id 不同，自增初始id不同，
mysqA与mysqlB 配置从权限
A 与 B 均执行以下指令
# 进入数据库
/usr/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -proot
# 设置从用户 'slave'@'%' 密码为 'slave'
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave';
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;
区别开始
mysql A 查看master状态
show master status;
mysql B 查看master状态
show master status;
在mysql A上执行指令
change master to master_host = '172.165.165.132',
master_user = 'slave',
master_password = 'slave',
master_log_file = 'mysql-bin.000012',
master_log_pos = 1167;
# 开始从操作，从主库同步数据
start slave;
# 查看从状态
show slave status \G
在mysqlB上执行指令
change master to master_host = '172.165.165.131',
master_user = 'slave',
master_password = 'slave',
master_log_file = 'mysql-bin.000017',
master_log_pos = 68153006;
# 开始从操作，从主库同步数据
start slave;
nginx配置
下载地址：http://nginx.org/en/download.html
安装过程极其简单，主要注意的是要有make安装环境就行，安装结束后，nginx默认是在 /usr/local/nginx 文件夹下
解压
执行configuration
强迫症患者看的难受的话可以在.configuration的时候指定openssl地址，一般没影响，大部分服务器都具备基础环境的，这只是没有显示的指出地址，找不到，又不是不能用。
更多安装详情请看官网说明：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html，
其实大部分软件基础使用，官方都会给出最为权威的文档，一定要看官网
找到openssl地址，在官方案例上 指定openssl库源路径配置nginx
open
./configure\
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx\
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf\
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid\
--with-http_ssl_module\
--with-stream_ssl_module;
进入nginx安装包文件夹，执行make && make install 指令进行安装
这里我脑子抽了，看到别人的教程，没注意，以为是有个make文件，执行make脚本进行安装。硬是要找make文件，其实make是一个安装环境，一帮的服务器都有的，没有就执行
yum install gcc automake autoconf libtool make
启动nginx
nginx默认使用80端口演示案例
如果无法访问八成是防火墙的原因，请移步Linux常用指令操作防火墙篇
配置nginx代理数据库
在 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.cnf文件里面添加流配置
重启nginx、配置防火墙
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
stream {
server {
listen 3306;
proxy_pass db;
}
upstream db {
server 172.165.165.131:3306 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=20;
server 172.165.165.132:3306 weight=3 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30;
}
}
中间有些小问题，
- 警告缺失openssl，这个不装其实也没事，没用到就可以不装，
- 安装openssl又报缺失 perl 5
- mysql代理设置后启动nginx、异常缺失流模块，官方有说明，配置的时候加上这个，然后在nginx.conf文件在stream使用前加上一行
load_module ‘/usr/local/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_module.so’; 就行
反正缺什么装什么就是了
我的nginx.conf文件
load_module '/usr/local/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_module.so';
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
stream {
server {
listen 9000;
proxy_pass db;
}
upstream db {
server 172.165.165.131:3306 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=20;
server 172.165.165.132:3306 weight=3 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30;
}
}
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}