deployment介绍和使用

什么是deployment

deployment是对pods和ReplicaSet的定义,定义了pods和ReplicaSet的定义和实现方式等。
如下为deployment的定义

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apiVersion: apps`/v1`

kind: Deployment

metadata:

name: nginx-deployment

labels:

app: nginx

spec:

replicas: 3

selector:

matchLabels:

app: nginx

template:

metadata:

labels:

app: nginx

spec:

containers:

- name: nginx

image: nginx:1.12.2

ports:

- containerPort: 80

metadata 指明了服务名为nginx-deployment, 标签为nginx, 

spec指定了pod的副本为3个,每个pod容器镜像为ngix:1.12.2, 容器端暴漏的端口为80
接下来我们启动deployment

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kubectl create -f deployment_nginx.yml

会显示:”nginx-deployment deployment has been created” 

我们执行

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kubectl get deployment

查看deployment状态 

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NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE  AGE

nginx-deployment      3          3        3            3        9s

可以看到deployment启动了三个pod,并且三个pod都是可用的。 

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kubectl get rs

可以看到ReplicaSet的状态为启动了3个pod,都是就绪状态 

接下来可以查看下pod

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kubectl get pods

显示deployment详细信息 

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kubectl get deployment -o wide

我们也可以更新deployment的image 

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kubectl set image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.1.13

我们可以回滚deployment版本 

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kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment

查看deployment的历史信息 

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kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment

将deployment服务暴露出去 

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kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --`type`=NodePort

终端会提示服务已经暴露出去 

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service nginx-deployment  exposed

我们接下来查看下service信息 

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kubectl get svc

会显示服务映射的端口和地址 

安装kubeadm

基于ubuntu配置k8s环境

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hostnamectl set`-`hostname k8s-master

设置好后可以查看下我们的配置 

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tail /etc/hosts

查看防火墙状态 

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sudo apt-get install ufw

关闭临时分区 

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swapoff -a

更新https 

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apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https

获取gpg 

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curl -fsSL https:`//mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key`.gpg | apt-key add -

新增源 

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add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"

更新apt

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apt-get update

查看1.15最新版本

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apt-cache madison kubelet kubectl kubeadm |`grep '1.15.4-00'         //`查看1.15的最新版本

安装指定版本的工具 

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apt install -y kubelet=1.15.4-00 kubectl=1.15.4-00 kubeadm=1.15.4-00 //`安装指定的版本`

kubelet禁用swap 

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tee /etc/default/kubelet <<-`'EOF'`

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=`"--fail-swap-on=false"`

EOF

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet

 初始化k8s

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kubeadm init

--kubernetes-version=v1.15.4

--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com`/google_containers `

--pod-network-cidr=10.24.0.0`/16 `

--ignore-preflight-errors=Swap

在当前账户下执行,kubectl配置调用

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mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin`.conf $HOME/.kube`/config

chown $(`id -u):$(id` `-g) $HOME/.kube/config`

使用fannel的overlay网络实现多节点pod通信 

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kubectl apply -f https:`//raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel`.yml

查看pods信息 

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kubectl get pods -A

配置dashboard 

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kubectl apply -f https:`//raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta4/aio/deploy/recommended`.yaml

配置后查看pod信息

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get pods -A

查看namespaces信息

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kubectl get namespaces

可以查看所有的namespaces信息 

设置好网络模式后,接下来查看下apiserver暴露的地址

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kubectl cluster-info

显示如下

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Kubernetes master is running at https:`//172`.17.0.9:6443

Heapster is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/heapster/proxy`

KubeDNS is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy`

monitoring-grafana is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy`

monitoring-influxdb is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb/proxy`

如果外网访问,换成外网地址就行了。 

我自己dashboard的访问地址:

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https:`//81.68.86.146:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/`

因为访问dashboard需要权限 

1.创建服务账号
首先创建一个叫admin-user的服务账号,并放在kube-system名称空间下:

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# admin-user.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

name: admin-user

namespace: kube-system

执行kubectl create命令: 

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kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml

2.绑定角色 

默认情况下,kubeadm创建集群时已经创建了admin角色,我们直接绑定即可:

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# admin-user-role-binding.yaml

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io`/v1beta1`

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

name: admin-user

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: ClusterRole

name: cluster-admin

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

name: admin-user

namespace: kube-system

执行kubectl create命令: 

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kubectl create -f  admin-user-role-binding.yaml

3.获取Token 

现在我们需要找到新创建的用户的Token,以便用来登录dashboard:

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kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $

1}')

4 制作证书 

k8s默认启动了证书验证,我们创建证书

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# 生成client-certificate-data

grep 'client-certificate-data' ~/.kube`/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.crt`

# 生成client-key-data

grep 'client-key-data' ~/.kube`/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.key`

# 生成p12

openssl pkcs12 -`export -clcerts -inkey kubecfg.key -`in kubecfg.crt -out kubecfg.p12 -name "kubernetes-client"

然后我们将kubecfg.p12 copy到windows双击安装证书即可。 

然后chrome 打开地址:

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https:`//81.68.86.146:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/`

单节点k8s,默认pod不被调度在master节点,需要设置去污点

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kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io`/master-     //`去污点,master节点可以被调度

输出如下

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node`/k8s-master untainted`
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