什么是deployment
deployment是对pods和ReplicaSet的定义,定义了pods和ReplicaSet的定义和实现方式等。
如下为deployment的定义
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apiVersion: apps
`/v1`
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.12.2
ports:
- containerPort: 80
metadata 指明了服务名为nginx-deployment, 标签为nginx,
spec指定了pod的副本为3个,每个pod容器镜像为ngix:1.12.2, 容器端暴漏的端口为80
接下来我们启动deployment
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kubectl create -f deployment_nginx.yml
会显示:”nginx-deployment deployment has been created”
我们执行
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kubectl get deployment
查看deployment状态
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NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deployment 3 3 3 3 9s
可以看到deployment启动了三个pod,并且三个pod都是可用的。
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kubectl get rs
可以看到ReplicaSet的状态为启动了3个pod,都是就绪状态
接下来可以查看下pod
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kubectl get pods
显示deployment详细信息
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kubectl get deployment -o wide
我们也可以更新deployment的image
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kubectl
set
image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.1.13
我们可以回滚deployment版本
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kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment
查看deployment的历史信息
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kubectl rollout
history
deployment nginx-deployment
将deployment服务暴露出去
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kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --
`type`=NodePort
终端会提示服务已经暴露出去
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service nginx-deployment exposed
我们接下来查看下service信息
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kubectl get svc
会显示服务映射的端口和地址
安装kubeadm
基于ubuntu配置k8s环境
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hostnamectl
set
`-`hostname
k8s-master
设置好后可以查看下我们的配置
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tail
/etc/hosts
查看防火墙状态
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sudo
apt-get
install
ufw
关闭临时分区
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swapoff -a
更新https
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apt-get update && apt-get
install
-y apt-transport-https
获取gpg
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curl -fsSL https:
`//mirrors.aliyun.com
/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key`.gpg | apt-key add -
新增源
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add-apt-repository
"deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
更新apt
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apt-get update
查看1.15最新版本
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apt-cache madison kubelet kubectl kubeadm |
`grep
'1.15.4-00'
//`查看1.15的最新版本
安装指定版本的工具
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apt
install
-y kubelet=1.15.4-00 kubectl=1.15.4-00 kubeadm=1.15.4-00
//
`安装指定的版本`
kubelet禁用swap
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tee
/etc/default/kubelet
<<-
`'EOF'`
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=
`"--fail-swap-on=false"`
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet
初始化k8s
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kubeadm init
--kubernetes-version=v1.15.4
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com
`/google_containers
`
--pod-network-cidr=10.24.0.0
`/16
`
--ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
在当前账户下执行,kubectl配置调用
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mkdir
-p $HOME/.kube
cp
-i
/etc/kubernetes/admin
`.conf $HOME/.kube`/config
chown
$(
`id
-u):$(id` `-g) $HOME/.kube
/config`
使用fannel的overlay网络实现多节点pod通信
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kubectl apply -f https:
`//raw.githubusercontent.com
/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel`.yml
查看pods信息
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kubectl get pods -A
配置dashboard
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kubectl apply -f https:
`//raw.githubusercontent.com
/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta4
/aio/deploy/recommended`.yaml
配置后查看pod信息
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get pods -A
查看namespaces信息
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kubectl get namespaces
可以查看所有的namespaces信息
设置好网络模式后,接下来查看下apiserver暴露的地址
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kubectl cluster-info
显示如下
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Kubernetes master is running at https:
`//172`.17.0.9:6443
Heapster is running at https:
`//172.17.0.9:6443
/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/heapster/proxy`
KubeDNS is running at https:
`//172.17.0.9:6443
/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns
/proxy`
monitoring-grafana is running at https:
`//172.17.0.9:6443
/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy`
monitoring-influxdb is running at https:
`//172.17.0.9:6443
/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb/proxy`
如果外网访问,换成外网地址就行了。
我自己dashboard的访问地址:
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https:
`//81.68.86.146:6443
/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:
/proxy/`
因为访问dashboard需要权限
1.创建服务账号
首先创建一个叫admin-user的服务账号,并放在kube-system名称空间下:
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# admin-user.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
执行kubectl create命令:
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kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml
2.绑定角色
默认情况下,kubeadm创建集群时已经创建了admin角色,我们直接绑定即可:
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# admin-user-role-binding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
`/v1beta1`
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
执行kubectl create命令:
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kubectl create -f admin-user-role-binding.yaml
3.获取Token
现在我们需要找到新创建的用户的Token,以便用来登录dashboard:
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kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret |
grep
admin-user |
awk
'{print $
1}')
4 制作证书
k8s默认启动了证书验证,我们创建证书
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# 生成client-certificate-data
grep
'client-certificate-data'
~/.kube
`/config
|
head
-n 1 |
awk
'{print $2}'
|
base64
-d >> kubecfg.crt`
# 生成client-key-data
grep
'client-key-data'
~/.kube
`/config
|
head
-n 1 |
awk
'{print $2}'
|
base64
-d >> kubecfg.key`
# 生成p12
openssl pkcs12 -
`export
-clcerts -inkey kubecfg.key -`in
kubecfg.crt -out kubecfg.p12 -name
"kubernetes-client"
然后我们将kubecfg.p12 copy到windows双击安装证书即可。
然后chrome 打开地址:
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https:
`//81.68.86.146:6443
/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:
/proxy/`
单节点k8s,默认pod不被调度在master节点,需要设置去污点
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kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io
`/master-
//`去污点,master节点可以被调度
输出如下
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node
`/k8s-master
untainted`
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