本文首发于: 行者AI
关于用户留存是各大数据分析平台必不可少的功能,企业一般用留存率衡量用户的活跃情况,也是能直接反应产品功能价值的直接指标,留存率是衡量用户质量的最重要指标之一,因此计算各种留存率是数据分析取数的最底层的基本功。所以下面举几个用户留存分析的实战例子。
1. 准备
了解目前留存率几种常规计算方法、了解ClickHouse提供retention(cond1, cond2, …)函数计算留存率
建表:用户基本信息表:login_event
CREATE TABLE login_event --用户登录事件
(
`accountId` String COMMENT '账号的ID', --用户唯一ID
`ds` Date COMMENT '日期' --用户登录日期
)
ENGINE = MergeTree
PARTITION BY accountId
ORDER BY accountId
导数:插入8月份用户登录数据
--插入数据
insert into login_event values (10001,toDate('2020-08-01'), (10001,toDate('2020-08-08')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-09')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-10')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-12')),
(10001,toDate('2020-08-13')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-14')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-15')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-16')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-17')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-18')),
(10001,toDate('2020-08-20')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-22')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-23')), (10001,toDate('2020-08-24')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-20')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-22')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-23')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-01')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-11')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-12')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-13')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-20')),
(10002,toDate('2020-08-15')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-30')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-20')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-01')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-06')), (10002,toDate('2020-08-24')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-05')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-08')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-09')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-10')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-11')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-13')),
(10003,toDate('2020-08-15')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-16')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-18')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-20')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-01')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-21')),
(10003,toDate('2020-08-22')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-24')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-26')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-25')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-27')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-28')),
(10003,toDate('2020-08-29')), (10003,toDate('2020-08-30')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-01')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-02')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-03')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-04')),
(10004,toDate('2020-08-05')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-08')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-09')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-10')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-11')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-14')),
(10004,toDate('2020-08-15')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-16')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-17')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-19')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-20')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-21')),
(10004,toDate('2020-08-22')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-23')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-24')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-23')),(10004,toDate('2020-08-23')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-25')),
(10004,toDate('2020-08-27')), (10004,toDate('2020-08-30'));
2. 题目分析
计算某日活跃用户的次留、3留、7留、14留、30留,我们将问题解决分为三个步骤:
- 找到某日活跃用户
- 找到某日活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日的登录情况
- 计算某日活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日登录数,计算N日留存率
解决方法一:
--计算出2020-08-01活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日的留存数,计算出留存率
SELECT
ds,
count(accountIdD0) AS activeAccountNum,
count(accountIdD1) / count(accountIdD0) AS `次留`,
count(accountIdD3) / count(accountIdD0) AS `3留`,
count(accountIdD7) / count(accountIdD0) AS `7留`,
count(accountIdD14) / count(accountIdD0) AS `14留`,
count(accountIdD30) / count(accountIdD0) AS `30留`
FROM
( --使用LEFT JOIN 找到2020-08-01当日活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日的登录用户
SELECT DISTINCT
a.ds AS ds,
a.accountIdD0 AS accountIdD0,
IF(b.accountId = '', NULL, b.accountId) AS accountIdD1,
IF(c.accountId = '', NULL, c.accountId) AS accountIdD3,
IF(d.accountId = '', NULL, d.accountId) AS accountIdD7,
IF(e.accountId = '', NULL, e.accountId) AS accountIdD14,
IF(f.accountId = '', NULL, f.accountId) AS accountIdD30
FROM
(--找出2020-08-01当日活跃用户
SELECT DISTINCT
ds,
accountId AS accountIdD0
FROM login_event
WHERE ds = '2020-08-01'
ORDER BY ds ASC
) AS a
LEFT JOIN test.login3_event AS b ON (b.ds = addDays(a.ds, 1)) AND (a.accountIdD0 = b.accountId)
LEFT JOIN test.login3_event AS c ON (c.ds = addDays(a.ds, 2)) AND (a.accountIdD0 = c.accountId)
LEFT JOIN test.login3_event AS d ON (d.ds = addDays(a.ds, 6)) AND (a.accountIdD0 = d.accountId)
LEFT JOIN test.login3_event AS e ON (e.ds = addDays(a.ds, 13)) AND (a.accountIdD0 = e.accountId)
LEFT JOIN test.login3_event AS f ON (f.ds = addDays(a.ds, 29)) AND (a.accountIdD0 = f.accountId)
) AS temp
GROUP BY ds
结果:
-----------------------------------------
┌─────────ds─┬─activeAccountNum─┬─次留─┬──3留─┬─7留─┬─14留─┬─30留─┐
│ 2020-08-01 │ 4 │ 0.25 │ 0.25 │ 0 │ 0.5 │ 0.75 │
└────────────┴──────────────────┴──────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴──────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.022 sec.
解决方法二:
--判断2020-08-01活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日的留存数,计算出留存率,计算出留存率
SELECT DISTINCT
b.ds AS ds,
ifnull(countDistinct(if(a.ds = b.ds, a.accountId, NULL)), 0) AS activeAccountNum,
ifnull(countDistinct(if(a.ds = addDays(b.ds, 1), b.accountId, NULL)) / activeAccountNum, 0) AS `次留`,
ifnull(countDistinct(if(a.ds = addDays(b.ds, 2), b.accountId, NULL)) / activeAccountNum, 0) AS `3留`,
ifnull(countDistinct(if(a.ds = addDays(b.ds, 6), b.accountId, NULL)) / activeAccountNum, 0) AS `7留`,
ifnull(countDistinct(if(a.ds = addDays(b.ds, 13), b.accountId, NULL)) / activeAccountNum, 0) AS `14留`,
ifnull(countDistinct(if(a.ds = addDays(b.ds, 29), b.accountId, NULL)) / activeAccountNum, 0) AS `30留`
FROM
--使用INNER JOIN找出2020-08-01活跃用户在后续1~30日登录情况
(
SELECT
ds,
accountId
FROM login_event
WHERE (ds <= addDays(toDate('2020-08-01'), 29)) AND (ds >= '2020-08-01')
) AS a
INNER JOIN
--找出2020-08-01当日活跃用户
(
SELECT DISTINCT
accountId,
ds
FROM test.login3_event
WHERE ds = '2020-08-01'
) AS b ON a.accountId = b.accountId
GROUP BY ds
结果:
-----------------------------------------
┌─────────ds─┬─activeAccountNum─┬─次留─┬──3留─┬─7留─┬─14留─┬─30留─┐
│ 2020-08-01 │ 4 │ 0.25 │ 0.25 │ 0 │ 0.5 │ 0.75 │
└────────────┴──────────────────┴──────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴──────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.019 sec.
解决方法三:
--根据数组下标SUM(r[index])获取2020-08-01活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日的留存数,计算出留存率
SELECT
toDate('2020-08-01') AS ds,
SUM(r[1]) AS activeAccountNum,
SUM(r[2]) / SUM(r[1]) AS `次留`,
SUM(r[3]) / SUM(r[1]) AS `3留`,
SUM(r[4]) / SUM(r[1]) AS `7留`,
SUM(r[5]) / SUM(r[1]) AS `14留`,
SUM(r[6]) / SUM(r[1]) AS `30留`
FROM
--找到2020-08-01活跃用户在第2、3、6、13、29日的登录情况,1/0 => 登录/未登录
(
WITH toDate('2020-08-01') AS tt
SELECT
accountId,
retention(
toDate(ds) = tt,
toDate(subtractDays(ds, 1)) = tt,
toDate(subtractDays(ds, 2)) = tt,
toDate(subtractDays(ds, 6)) = tt,
toDate(subtractDays(ds, 13)) = tt,
toDate(subtractDays(ds, 29)) = tt
) AS r
--找出2020-08-01活跃用户在后续1~30日登录数据
FROM login_event
WHERE (ds >= '2020-08-01') AND (ds <= addDays(toDate('2020-08-01'), 29))
GROUP BY accountId
)
GROUP BY ds
结果:
-----------------------------------------
┌─────────ds─┬─activeAccountNum─┬─次留─┬──3留─┬─7留─┬─14留─┬─30留─┐
│ 2020-08-01 │ 4 │ 0.25 │ 0.25 │ 0 │ 0.5 │ 0.75 │
└────────────┴──────────────────┴──────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴──────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.009 sec.
3. 总结
- 方法一,使用传统做法多表关联,了解ClickHouse的程序猿都清楚,多表关联是ClickHouse天敌,运行速度相对很慢。
- 方法二,使用一个表关联,通过IF函数判断日期差值,找到所需日期用户数据,相对方法一减少了多表关联,提高了运行速度。
- 方法三,使用ClickHouse自带retention函数,retention function是ClickHouse中高级聚合函数,该函数可以接受多个条件,以第一个条件结果为基准,后面各条件满足为1,不满足则为0,最后返回一个1和0组成的数组。通过统计数组中对应1的数量,既可计算出留存率。
三种计算方法比较而言,在海量的数据集下使用ClickHouse自带retention留存函数运行速度更快、更高效。提升了现有技术中用户留存率的计算方式速度慢效率低的问题,进而达到了提高计算速度和计算效率的效果。