Java面向对象总结性项目 之 图书馆管理代码
Java面向对象总结性项目 之 图书馆管理代码
- 简介
- 核心需求
- 类的设计
-
- 架构
- 创建图书相关的类
- 创建书架相关的类
- 创建用户相关的类
-
- 对于管理员
- 对于用户
- 创建 Main 类和 main 方法, 搭建整体逻辑
- 实现具体的每个 Operation
- 该Java程序运行结果
-
- 用户端
- 管理员
简介
利用前面所学的知识点：类，抽象类，封装，继承，多态，接口等进行的一个简单的代码练习。
核心需求
- 简单的登录功能
- 对于管理员，实现以下功能：
查找书籍
增加书籍
删除书籍
显示所有图书
退出系统 - 对于用户，实现以下功能：
查询书籍
借阅书籍
归还书籍
退出系统
类的设计
架构
该Java程序架构如下
创建图书相关的类
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private int price;//价格
private String type;//类型
private boolean status;//状态
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(boolean status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", status=" + /*status +*/
( (status == true)?"‘借出’":"‘未借出’")+
'}';
}
}
创建书架相关的类
package book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] books;
private int usedSize;
public BookList() {
this.books = new Book[10];
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",56,"小说");
books[1] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",58,"小说");
books[2] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",66,"小说");
books[3] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",46,"小说");
this.usedSize = 4;
}
//尾插法
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book){
this.books[pos] = book;
}
public Book getBook(int pos){
return this.books[pos];
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}
}
创建用户相关的类
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
public String name;
public IOperation[] operations;
public User(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList){
this.operations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
对于管理员
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 管理员
*/
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.operations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisplayOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("===========================");
System.out.println("1.查找书籍");
System.out.println("2.添加书籍");
System.out.println("3.删除书籍");
System.out.println("4.显示书籍");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("===========================");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
对于用户
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 普通用户
*/
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.operations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("===========================");
System.out.println("1.查找书籍");
System.out.println("2.借阅书籍");
System.out.println("3.归还书籍");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("===========================");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
创建 Main 类和 main 方法, 搭建整体逻辑
import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
//登陆方法
public static User login(){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份：1：管理员 0：普通用户");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if (choice == 1){
return new AdminUser(name);
}else {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
//main方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
//1.登录 user 会引用一个对象，这个对象可能是AdminUser或者NormalUser
User user = login();
while (true) {
int choice = user.menu();
//用choice去调用对应的类的work方法
user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
/*
会调用user引用的对象的menu方法
返回对应的选择
*/
if (choice == 0){
break;
}
}
}
}
实现具体的每个 Operation
-
管理端
查阅书籍
增加书籍
删除书籍
打印书籍列表
退出 -
用户端
查询书籍
借阅书籍
归还书籍
退出
AddOperation实现添加功能
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("添加书籍");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入书名");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类型");
String type = scanner.next();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);
bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);
}
}
BorrowOperation 实现借阅功能
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅书籍");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入借阅图书的书名");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize() ; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)){
//条件成立，说明有这本书
//逻辑：将状态修改为true
book.setStatus(true);
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要借阅的书");
}
}
DelOperation 实现删除功能
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除书籍");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要删除图书的书名");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for ( ; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
//条件成立，说明有这本书
break;
}
}
if (i >= bookList.getUsedSize()) {
System.out.println("没有想要删除的这本书");
return;
}
int pos = i;
for (int j = pos; j < bookList.getUsedSize() -1; j++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);
bookList.setBooks(j,book);
}
int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);
System.out.println("成功将该书籍删除");
}
}
DisplayOperation 实现展示功能
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("显示所有图书");
for (int i = 0;i < bookList.getUsedSize();i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
ExitOperation 实现退出功能
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出系统");
System.exit(1);
}
}
FindOperation 实现查找功能
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找书籍");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要查找的书名");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0;i < bookList.getUsedSize();i++){
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)){
System.out.println("有这本书");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有这本书");
}
}
ReturnOperation 实现归还功能
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还书籍");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要归还图书的书名");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for ( ; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
//条件成立，说明有这本书
book.setStatus(false);
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有此书籍");
}
}
IOperation 实现接口
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
该Java程序运行结果
用户端
请输入你的姓名：
ykk
请输入你的身份：1：管理员 0：普通用户
0
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.借阅书籍
3.归还书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
1
查找书籍
请输入要查找的书名
水浒传
有这本书
Book{
name='水浒传', author='施耐庵', price=58, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.借阅书籍
3.归还书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
2
借阅书籍
请输入借阅图书的书名
水浒传
Book{
name='水浒传', author='施耐庵', price=58, type='小说', status=‘借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.借阅书籍
3.归还书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
1
查找书籍
请输入要查找的书名
水浒传
有这本书
Book{
name='水浒传', author='施耐庵', price=58, type='小说', status=‘借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.借阅书籍
3.归还书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
3
归还书籍
请输入要归还图书的书名
水浒传
Book{
name='水浒传', author='施耐庵', price=58, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.借阅书籍
3.归还书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
0
退出系统
管理员
请输入你的姓名：
ykk
请输入你的身份：1：管理员 0：普通用户
1
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.添加书籍
3.删除书籍
4.显示书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
1
查找书籍
请输入要查找的书名
水浒传
有这本书
Book{
name='水浒传', author='施耐庵', price=58, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.添加书籍
3.删除书籍
4.显示书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
2
添加书籍
请输入书名
Java
请输入图书的作者
ykk
请输入图书的价格
49
请输入图书的类型
学术
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.添加书籍
3.删除书籍
4.显示书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
1
查找书籍
请输入要查找的书名
Java
有这本书
Book{
name='Java', author='ykk', price=49, type='学术', status=‘未借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.添加书籍
3.删除书籍
4.显示书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
3
删除书籍
请输入要删除图书的书名
Java
成功将该书籍删除
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.添加书籍
3.删除书籍
4.显示书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
4
显示所有图书
Book{
name='三国演义', author='罗贯中', price=56, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
Book{
name='水浒传', author='施耐庵', price=58, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
Book{
name='西游记', author='吴承恩', price=66, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
Book{
name='红楼梦', author='曹雪芹', price=46, type='小说', status=‘未借出’}
===========================
1.查找书籍
2.添加书籍
3.删除书籍
4.显示书籍
0.退出系统
===========================
0
退出系统