DFS(深度优先搜索)和BFS(广度优先搜索)是两种最基本的搜索方法,不仅是在图论中在其他很多方面都有应用,也就是说,dfs和bfs是ACM的基础,要熟练掌握他们就要深刻理解它们的搜索原理。那么图的深搜和广搜也是图论的基础,许多知识点都会应用到搜索,比如拓扑排序,深搜和广搜的定义就不说了,下面是图的dfs和bfs搜索代码:
下面采用邻接表存储结构实现:
//图的深度优先搜索
//邻接表
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define Max 100 //顶点个数最多为100个
using namespace std;
typedef char type;
typedef struct Arcnode{
int index;
int value;
struct Arcnode *next;
}Arcnode,*parc;
typedef struct Node{
type data;
Arcnode *first;
}Node;
typedef struct Grap{
Node nodetex[Max];
int n; //顶点数
int m; //边数
}Grap,*pgrap;
bool visit[Max];
int Located(pgrap g,char ch){
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(ch==g->nodetex[i].data)
return i;
}
void Creat_grap(pgrap g){
printf("输入图的结点数和边数:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&g->n,&g->m);
getchar();
int i,index1,index2,value;
char ch1,ch2;
printf("输入各顶点:\n");
for(i=0;in;i++){
g->nodetex[i].data=getchar();
g->nodetex[i].first=NULL;
getchar();
}
printf("输入各边及权值:\n");
parc q;
for(i=0;im;i++){
scanf("%c,%c,%d",&ch1,&ch2,&value);
getchar();
index1=Located(g,ch1);
index2=Located(g,ch2);
q=(parc)malloc(sizeof(Arcnode));
q->index=index2;
q->value=value;
q->next=g->nodetex[index1].first;
g->nodetex[index1].first=q;
//无向图(默认为任意两个顶点之间之多有一条边且自身到自身无边)
q=(parc)malloc(sizeof(Arcnode));
q->index=index1;
q->value=value;
q->next=g->nodetex[index2].first;
g->nodetex[index2].first=q;
}
}
void Delete_grap(pgrap g){
parc p,q;
for(int i=0;in;i++){
p=g->nodetex[i].first;
while(p){
q=p->next;
free(p);
p=q;
}
}
}
//递归算法
/*void dfs(pgrap g,int v){
printf("访问结点: ");
putchar(g->nodetex[v].data);
visit[v]=1;
parc p=g->nodetex[v].first;
while(p){
if(!visit[p->index])
dfs(g,p->index);
p=p->next;
}
}*/
//非递归算法
void dfs(pgrap g,int v){
stack s;
s.push(v);
int index;
while(!s.empty()){
index=s.top();
s.pop();
if(visit[index])
continue;
printf("访问结点: ");
putchar(g->nodetex[index].data);
visit[index]=1;
parc p=g->nodetex[index].first;
while(p){
if(!visit[p->index])
s.push(p->index);
p=p->next;
}
}
}
void Pdfs(pgrap g){
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(!visit[i])
dfs(g,i);
}
int main(){
Grap g;
pgrap p=&g;
Creat_grap(p);
Pdfs(p);
Delete_grap(p);
return 0;
}
测试数据:
输入图的结点数和边数:
5 7
输入各顶点:
A
B
C
D
E
输入各边及权值:
A,B,20
A,C,10
B,D,50
A,D,40
B,E,60
C,D,30
D,E,70
访问结点: A访问结点: D访问结点: E访问结点: B访问结点: C
Terminated with return code 0
Press any key to continue ...
输入图的结点数和边数:
8 9
输入各顶点:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
输入各边及权值: //无向图
A,B,0
A,C,0
B,D,0
B,E,0
C,F,0
C,H,0
D,G,0
E,G,0
F,G,0
访问结点: A访问结点: C访问结点: H访问结点: F访问结点: G访问结点: E访问结点: B访
问结点: D
Terminated with return code 0
Press any key to continue ...
输入图的结点数和边数://有向图
8 9
输入各顶点:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
输入各边及权值:
A,B,0
A,C,0
B,D,0
B,E,0
C,F,0
C,H,0
D,G,0
E,G,0
F,G,0
访问结点: A访问结点: C访问结点: H访问结点: F访问结点: G访问结点: B访问结点: E访
问结点: D
Terminated with return code 0
Press any key to continue ...
下面采用图的邻接矩阵实现:
//图的邻接矩阵表示法
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#define Max 100
#define Inf 0x1111
typedef char type;
typedef struct Grap{
type data[Max];
int value[Max][Max];
int n,m;
}Grap,*pgrap;
int visit[Max];
int Located(pgrap g,char ch){
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(g->data[i]==ch)
return i;
}
void Creat_grap(pgrap g){
printf("输入图的顶点数和边数:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&g->n,&g->m);
//printf("ksgfdkj\n");
getchar();
printf("输入图中的顶点:\n");
int i,j;
for(i=0;in;i++){
g->data[i]=getchar();
getchar();
}
for(i=0;in;i++)
for(j=0;jn;j++)
g->value[i][j]=Inf;
printf("请输入图中的边:\n");
int index1,index2,value;
char ch1,ch2;
while(g->m--){
scanf("%c,%c,%d",&ch1,&ch2,&value);
getchar();
index1=Located(g,ch1);
index2=Located(g,ch2);
g->value[index1][index2]=value;
//无向图
g->value[index2][index1]=value;
}
}
/*void Show_grap(pgrap g){
printf("邻接矩阵表示法个顶点的邻接顶点:\n");
int i,j;
for(i=0;in;i++){
printf("%c:",g->data[i]);
for(j=0;jn;j++)
if(g->value[i][j]!=Inf)
putchar(g->data[j]);
printf("\n");
}
}*/
//递归算法
/*void dfs(pgrap g,int v){
printf("访问结点: ");
putchar(g->data[v]);
visit[v]=1;
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(g->value[v][i]!=Inf && !visit[i])
dfs(g,i);
}*/
//非递归算法
void dfs(pgrap g,int v){
stack s;
s.push(v);
int index;
while(!s.empty()){
index=s.top();
s.pop();
if(visit[index])
continue;
printf("访问结点: ");
putchar(g->data[index]);
visit[index]=1;
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(g->value[index][i]!=Inf && !visit[i])
s.push(i);
}
}
void Pdfs(pgrap g){
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(!visit[i])
dfs(g,i);
}
int main(){
Grap g;
pgrap p=&g;
Creat_grap(p);
//Show_grap(p);
Pdfs(p);
return 0;
}
输入图的结点数和边数: //无向图
8 9
输入各顶点:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
输入各边及权值:
A,B,0
A,C,0
B,D,0
B,E,0
C,F,0
C,H,0
D,G,0
E,G,0
F,G,0
访问结点: A访问结点: B访问结点: D访问结点: G访问结点: E访问结点: F访问结点: C访
问结点: H
Terminated with return code 0
Press any key to continue ...
输入图的结点数和边数: //有向图
8 9
输入各顶点:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
输入各边及权值:
A,B,0
A,C,0
B,D,0
B,E,0
C,F,0
C,H,0
D,G,0
E,G,0
F,G,0
访问结点: A访问结点: B访问结点: D访问结点: G访问结点: E访问结点: C访问结点: F访
问结点: H
Terminated with return code 0
Press any key to continue ...
下面是dfs代码:
采用邻接矩阵实现:
//图的邻接矩阵表示法
//图的邻接矩阵表示法
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#define Max 100
#define Inf 0x1111
typedef char type;
typedef struct Grap{
type data[Max];
int value[Max][Max];
int n,m;
}Grap,*pgrap;
int visit[Max];
int Located(pgrap g,char ch){
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(g->data[i]==ch)
return i;
}
void Creat_grap(pgrap g){
printf("输入图的顶点数和边数:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&g->n,&g->m);
//printf("ksgfdkj\n");
getchar();
printf("输入图中的顶点:\n");
int i,j;
for(i=0;in;i++){
g->data[i]=getchar();
getchar();
}
for(i=0;in;i++)
for(j=0;jn;j++)
g->value[i][j]=Inf;
printf("请输入图中的边:\n");
int index1,index2,value;
char ch1,ch2;
while(g->m--){
scanf("%c,%c,%d",&ch1,&ch2,&value);
getchar();
index1=Located(g,ch1);
index2=Located(g,ch2);
g->value[index1][index2]=value;
//无向图
g->value[index2][index1]=value;
}
}
/*void Show_grap(pgrap g){
printf("邻接矩阵表示法个顶点的邻接顶点:\n");
int i,j;
for(i=0;in;i++){
printf("%c:",g->data[i]);
for(j=0;jn;j++)
if(g->value[i][j]!=Inf)
putchar(g->data[j]);
printf("\n");
}
}*/
void bfs(pgrap g,int v){
queue q;
q.push(v);
int index;
while(!q.empty()){
index=q.front();
q.pop();
if(visit[index])
continue;
printf("访问结点: ");
putchar(g->data[index]);
visit[index]=1;
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(g->value[index][i]!=Inf && !visit[i])
q.push(i);
}
}
void Pbfs(pgrap g){
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(!visit[i])
bfs(g,i);
}
int main(){
Grap g;
pgrap p=&g;
Creat_grap(p);
//Show_grap(p);
Pbfs(p);
return 0;
}
下面采用邻接表实现:
//图的存储结构
//邻接表
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#define Max 100 //顶点个数最多为100个
typedef char type;
typedef struct Arcnode{
int index;
int value;
struct Arcnode *next;
}Arcnode,*parc;
typedef struct Node{
type data;
Arcnode *first;
}Node;
typedef struct Grap{
Node nodetex[Max];
int n; //顶点数
int m; //边数
}Grap,*pgrap;
bool visit[Max];
int Located(pgrap g,char ch){
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(ch==g->nodetex[i].data)
return i;
}
void Creat_grap(pgrap g){
printf("输入图的结点数和边数:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&g->n,&g->m);
getchar();
int i,index1,index2,value;
char ch1,ch2;
printf("输入各顶点:\n");
for(i=0;in;i++){
g->nodetex[i].data=getchar();
g->nodetex[i].first=NULL;
getchar();
}
printf("输入各边及权值:\n");
parc q;
for(i=0;im;i++){
scanf("%c,%c,%d",&ch1,&ch2,&value);
getchar();
index1=Located(g,ch1);
index2=Located(g,ch2);
q=(parc)malloc(sizeof(Arcnode));
q->index=index2;
q->value=value;
q->next=g->nodetex[index1].first;
g->nodetex[index1].first=q;
//无向图(默认为任意两个顶点之间之多有一条边且自身到自身无边)
q=(parc)malloc(sizeof(Arcnode));
q->index=index1;
q->value=value;
q->next=g->nodetex[index2].first;
g->nodetex[index2].first=q;
}
}
void bfs(pgrap g,int v){
queue q;
q.push(v);
int index;
while(!q.empty()){
index=q.front();
q.pop();
if(visit[index])
continue;
printf("访问结点: ");
putchar(g->nodetex[index].data);
visit[index]=1;
parc p=g->nodetex[index].first;
while(p){
if(!visit[p->index])
q.push(p->index);
p=p->next;
}
}
}
void Pbfs(pgrap g){
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
for(int i=0;in;i++)
if(!visit[i])
bfs(g,i);
}
void Delete_grap(pgrap g){
parc p,q;
for(int i=0;in;i++){
p=g->nodetex[i].first;
while(p){
q=p->next;
free(p);
p=q;
}
}
}
int main(){
Grap g;
pgrap p=&g;
Creat_grap(p);
Pbfs(p);
Delete_grap(p);
return 0;
}