1. exporter介绍

exporter是prometheus监控中重要的组成部分，负责数据指标的采集。上篇文章介绍了prometheus server的相关内容，本文将介绍数据采集插件。官方给出的插件有node_exporter、blackbox_exporter、mysqld_exporter、snmp_exporter等，第三方的插件有redis_exporter，cadvisor等。
下面我将结合实际工作中的使用到的插件来分别介绍。

2. node_exporter

node_exporter主要用来采集机器的性能指标数据，包括cpu，内存，磁盘，io等基本信息。上边文章介绍promehteus server时已详细介绍了node_exporter，这里就不在赘述。

3. mysqld_exporter

mysqld_exporter主要用于监控采集mysql数据库服务器相关指标。
#下载二进制文件

root@db-100-51:~# cd /data/
root@db-100-51:/data# wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.10.0/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz root@db-100-51:/data# tar -xf mysqld_exporter-0.10.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz root@db-100-51:/data# cd mysqld_exporter-0.10.0/ root@db-100-51:/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0# ls LICENSE mysqld_exporter NOTICE root@db-100-51:/data# mkdir log

#mysqld_exporter需要连接到数据库，创建一个登录数据库的用户

mysql> GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'localhost' identified by Cds20180808!'; mysql> flush privileges;

#创建用于连接数据库的配置文件

root@db-100-51:/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0# vim .my.cnf [client] user=exporter password=Cds20180808!

#创建supervisor启动mysqld_exporter

root@db-100-51:/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0# vim /etc/supervisor/conf.d/mysqld_exporter.conf
[program:mysqld_exporter]
command = /data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0/mysqld_exporter -config.my-cnf="/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0/.my.cnf"
autostart = true
autorestart = true
startsecs = 5
startretries = 3
redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile=/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0/log/out-mysqld_exporter.log
stderr_logfile=/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0/log/err-mysqld_exporter.log
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 20MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 20

#启动mysqld_exporter

root@db-100-51:/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0# supervisorctl update mysqld_exporter root@db-100-51:/data/mysqld_exporter-0.10.0# supervisorctl status mysqld_exporter

4. redis_exporter

redis_exporter主要用于监控采集redis数据库服务器相关指标。
#下载二进制文件

root@redis-node1-slave:~# cd /data/ wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/redis_exporter-v0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
root@redis-node1-slave:/data# tar -xf redis_exporter-v0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
root@redis-node1-slave:/data# mkdir /data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0
root@redis-node1-slave:/data# mv redis_exporter redis_exporter-v0.24.0
root@redis-node1-slave:/data# cd redis_exporter-v0.24.0/ root@redis-node1-slave:/data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0# mkdir log

#配置supervisor启动redis_exporter

root@redis-node1-slave:/data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0# vim /etc/supervisor/conf.d/redis_exporter.conf
[program:redis_exporter]
command = /data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0/redis_exporter -redis.addr 10.13.225.112:6379 -redis.password cds-china
autostart = true
startsecs = 5
startretries = 3
redirect_stderr = true
stout_logfile = /data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0/log/out-redis_exporter.log
stderr_logfile = /data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0/log/err-redis_exporter.log
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 20MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 20

#启动redis_exporter

root@redis-node1-slave:/data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0# supervisorctl update redis_exporter
root@redis-node1-slave:/data/redis_exporter-v0.24.0# supervisorctl status redis_exporter

5. black_exporter

black_exporter是prometheus社区提供的官方黑盒监控解决方案，其允许用户通过：http、https、dns、tcp以及icmp的方式对网络进行探测。我们利用icmp探针可以坚持网络是否通畅，利用http，https可以坚持网页是否可以正常访问，利用tcp检测服务端口判断服务是否正常。
#下载二进制文件

root@prometheus:~# cd /data/
root@prometheus:/data# wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.13.0/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
root@prometheus:/data# tar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#修改blackbox_exporter配置文件

root@prometheus:/data# cd blackbox_exporter-0.13.0/
root@prometheus:/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0# vim blackbox.yml modules: http_2xx: prober: http timeout: 5s http: preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4" no_follow_redirects: true valid_http_versions: ["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2"] valid_status_codes: [200,302] # Defaults to 2xx method: GET http_post_2xx: prober: http http: method: POST tcp_connect: prober: tcp timeout: 5s pop3s_banner: prober: tcp tcp: query_response: - expect: "^+OK" tls: true tls_config: insecure_skip_verify: false ssh_banner: prober: tcp timeout: 5s tcp: query_response: - expect: "^SSH-2.0-" irc_banner: prober: tcp tcp: query_response: - send: "NICK prober" - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober" - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)" send: "PONG ${1}" - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001" icmp: prober: icmp timeout: 5s

#配置systemd启动blackbox_exporter

root@prometheus:/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service 

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus blackbox exporter
After=local-fs.target network-online.target network.target
Wants=local-fs.target network-online.target network.target

[Service]
User=root
Type=simple
WorkingDirectory=/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0/ ExecStart=/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0/blackbox.yml Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target root@prometheus:/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0# supervisorctl start blackbox_exporter root@prometheus:/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0# supervisorctl enable blackbox_exporter root@prometheus:/data/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0# supervisorctl status blackbox_exporter

6. cadvisor

cadvisor是google开源的用于监控容器运行的工具。
#下载二进制文件

root@GZH-vSPC02:~# cd /data/
root@GZH-vSPC02:/data# wget https://github.com/google/cadvisor/releases/download/v0.33.0/cadvisor
root@GZH-vSPC02:/data# mkdir cadvisor-v0.33.0 root@GZH-vSPC02:/data# mv cadvisor cadvisor-v0.33.0/ root@GZH-vSPC02:/data# cd cadvisor-v0.33.0/ root@GZH-vSPC02:/data/cadvisor-v0.33.0# mkdir log

#配置supervisor启动cadvisor

root@GZH-vSPC02:/data/cadvisor-v0.33.0# vim /etc/supervisor/conf.d/cadvisor-server.conf 
[program:cadvisor-server]
command = /data/cadvisor-v0.33.0/cadvisor
autostart = true
autorestart = true
startsecs = 5
startretries = 3
redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile=/data/cadvisor-v0.33.0/log/out-cadvisor.log
stderr_logfile=/data/cadvisor-v0.33.0/log/err-cadvisor.log
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 20MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 20
root@GZH-vSPC02:/data/cadvisor-v0.33.0# supervisorctl update cadvisor 
root@GZH-vSPC02:/data/cadvisor-v0.33.0# supervisorctl status cadvisor

7. 配置prometheus服务端

上面布置了exporter，我们需要配置prometheus server来拿到exporter采集到数据。
#修改pormetheus配置文件，配置文件上篇文章已经介绍了，这里就不在解释

root@prometheus:~# cd /data/prometheus-2.4.3/
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# vim prometheus.yml #my global config global: scrape_interval: 30s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute. evaluation_interval: 25s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. scrape_timeout: 25s #is set to the global default (10s). #Alertmanager configuration alerting: alertmanagers: - static_configs: - targets: - 10.13.103.152:9093 - 10.128.120.218:9093 #Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'. rule_files: - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/node_down.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/memory_over.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/disk_over.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/cpu_over.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/http_check.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/tcp_check.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/mysql_check.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/redis_down_check.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/redis_rule_check.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/container_down.yml" - "/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules/ping_check.yml" #A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: #Here it's Prometheus itself. scrape_configs: #The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config. - job_name: 'prometheus' #metrics_path defaults to '/metrics' #scheme defaults to 'http'. static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] - job_name: 'GICHOST' file_sd_configs: - files: ['./node_exporter/host.json'] - job_name: 'federate' scrape_interval: 30s scrape_timeout: 25s honor_labels: true metrics_path: '/federate' params: 'match[]': - '{job=~"kubernetes-.*"}' static_configs: - targets: - '10.13.103.12:9090' - job_name: 'blackbox-http' scrape_interval: 5s metrics_path: /probe params: module: [http_2xx] # Look for a HTTP 200 response. file_sd_configs: - files: ['./blackbox_exporter/http.json'] relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 10.13.103.151:9115 - job_name: 'blackbox-tcp' scrape_interval: 5s metrics_path: /probe params: module: [tcp_connect] file_sd_configs: - files: ['./blackbox_exporter/tcp.json'] relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 10.13.103.151:9115 - job_name: 'mysqld-exporter' file_sd_configs: - files: ['./mysqld_exporter/mysqld.json'] - job_name: 'blackbox-ping' scrape_interval: 5s metrics_path: /probe params: module: [icmp] file_sd_configs: - files: ['./blackbox_exporter/ping.json'] relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 10.13.103.151:9115 - job_name: 'redis-exporter' file_sd_configs: - files: ['./redis_exporter/redis.json'] - job_name: 'container-exporter' file_sd_configs: - files: ['./container_exporter/container.json']

8. 配置prometheus 主机监控文件和告警规则

8.1 主机监控文件

#mysqld_exporter主机监控文件

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# mkdir mysqld_exporter
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# cd mysqld_exporter/ root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/mysqld_exporter# vim mysqld.json [ { "targets":[ "10.13.100.51:9104" ], "labels":{ "dbinstance":"db100.51" } } ]

#redis_exporter主机监控文件

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# mkdir redis_exporter
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# cd redis_exporter/ root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/redis_exporter# vim redis.json [ { "targets":[ "10.13.0.235:9121", "10.13.0.236:9121" ], "labels":{ "service":"redis" } } ]

#blackbox_exporter主机监控文件

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# mkdir blackbox_exporter
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# cd blackbox_exporter root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/blackbox_exporter# vim http.json [ { "targets":[ "http://10.13.227.134:6011/health", "http://10.13.102.134:6011/health" ], "labels":{ "service":"WSREP" } } ]
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/blackbox_exporter# vim tcp.json
[
{
"targets":[ "10.128.107.53:13371", "10.128.107.57:13371" ], "labels":{ "service":"vspc" } } ]
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/blackbox_exporter# vim ping.json
[
{
"targets":[ "10.13.101.131", "10.13.101.132", "10.13.101.141" ], "labels":{ "service":"mysql" } } ]

#配置cadvisor主机监控文件

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# mkdir container_exporter
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# cd container_exporter/ root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/container_exporter# vim container.json [ { "targets":[ "10.13.103.153:8080", "10.128.87.5:8080" ], "labels":{ "service":"docker-monitor" } } ]

8.2 告警规则

node_exporter监控获取的cpu，磁盘，实例存活规则上篇文章已经介绍，这里不再介绍

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3# cd rules
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# ls container_down.yml disk_over.yml mysql_check.yml node_down.yml redis_down_check.yml tcp_check.yml cpu_over.yml http_check.yml memory_over.yml ping_check.yml redis_rule_check.yml

#mysqld_exporter监控mysql数据告警规则

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim mysql_check.yml
groups:
- name: MySQLStatsAlert
  rules:
  - alert: MySQL is down
    expr: mysql_up == 0 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} MySQL is down" description: "MySQL database is down. This requires immediate action!(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: Mysql_High_QPS expr: rate(mysql_global_status_questions[5m]) > 8000 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "{ {$labels.instance}}: Mysql_High_QPS detected" description: "{ {$labels.instance}}: Mysql opreation is more than 5000 per second ,(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: Mysql_Too_Many_Slow_Query expr: rate(mysql_global_status_slow_queries[30m]) > 3 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "{ {$labels.instance}}: Mysql_Too_Many_Slow_Query detected" description: "{ {$labels.instance}}: Mysql current Slow_Query Sql is more than 3 ,(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: Mysql_Deadlock expr: mysql_global_status_innodb_deadlocks > 300 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "{ {$labels.instance}}: Mysql_Deadlock detected" description: "{ {$labels.instance}}: Mysql Deadlock was found ,(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: open files high expr: mysql_global_status_innodb_num_open_files > (mysql_global_variables_open_files_limit) * 0.75 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} open files high" description: "Open files is high. Please consider increasing open_files_limit.(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: Used more than 80% of max connections limited expr: mysql_global_status_max_used_connections > mysql_global_variables_max_connections * 0.8 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} Used more than 80% of max connections limited" description: "Used more than 80% of max connections limited.(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: InnoDB Log File size is too small expr: mysql_global_variables_innodb_log_file_size < 16777216 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} InnoDB Log File size is too small" description: "The InnoDB Log File size is possibly too small. Choosing a small InnoDB Log File size can have significant performance impacts.(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: Binary Log is disabled expr: mysql_global_variables_log_bin != 1 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} Binary Log is disabled" description: "Binary Log is disabled. This prohibits you to do Point in Time Recovery (PiTR).(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: IO thread stopped expr: mysql_slave_status_slave_io_running != 1 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} IO thread stopped" description: "IO thread has stopped. This is usually because it cannot connect to the Master any more.(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: SQL thread stopped expr: mysql_slave_status_slave_sql_running != 1 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} Sync Binlog is enabled" description: "SQL thread has stopped. This is usually because it cannot apply a SQL statement received from the master.(current value is: { {$value}})" - alert: Slave lagging behind Master expr: rate(mysql_slave_status_seconds_behind_master[1m]) >30 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { {$labels.instance}} Slave lagging behind Master" description: "Slave is lagging behind Master. Please check if Slave threads are running and if there are some performance issues!(current value is: { {$value}})"

#redis_exporter监控redis指标告警规则

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim redis_down_check.yml
groups: - name: redis检测规则 rules: - alert: redis存活检测 expr: redis_up{job="redis-exporter"} == 0 for: 1m annotations: description: "机器:{ { $labels.instance }} 所属 job:{ { $labels.job }} redis宕机，请检查！" summary: "redis服务"
root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim redis_rule_check.yml
    groups:
- name: RedisStatsAlert
  rules:
  - alert: last create rdb failed expr: redis_rdb_last_bgsave_status != 1 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: " Instance { { $labels.instance }} rdb_last_bgsave_status " description: "last create rdb failed" - alert: Redis linked too many clients expr: redis_connected_clients / redis_config_maxclients * 100 > 80 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { { $labels.instance }} Redis linked clients too many" description: "Redis linked clients too many. This requires immediate action!" - alert: master link status failed expr: redis_master_link_up == 0 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { { $labels.instance }} link failed" description: "redis_master_link=0 link failed" - alert: last AOF failed expr: redis_aof_last_bgrewrite_status != 1 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { { $labels.instance }} redis aof last rewrite duration sec" description: "last AOF failed" - alert: Redis Cluster State Wrong expr: redis_cluster_state != 1 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Instance { { $labels.instance }} redis cluster status wrong" description: "Redis Cluster State Wrong"

#blackbox_exporter监控指标告警规则

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim ping_check.yml
groups: - name: 机器网络存活检测 rules: - alert: 网络检测 expr: probe_success{job="blackbox-ping"} == 0 for: 1m annotations: description: "机器:{ { $labels.instance }} 所属 job:{ { $labels.job }} 网络不通或者宕机超过1分钟，请检查！" summary: "网络检测" root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim http_check.yml groups: - name: 服务检测规则 rules: - alert: http服务检测 expr: probe_success{job="blackbox-http"} == 0 for: 1m annotations: description: "机器:{ { $labels.instance }} 所属 job:{ { $labels.job }} http状态码: { { printf `probe_http_status_code{instance='%s'}` $labels.instance | query | first | value }} http检测失败，请检查！" summary: "http检测" root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim tcp_check.yml groups: - name: 服务检测规则 rules: - alert: tcp服务检测 expr: probe_success{job="blackbox-tcp"} == 0 for: 1m annotations: description: "机器:{ { $labels.instance }} 所属 job:{ { $labels.job }} tcp检测失败，请检查！" summary: "tcp检测"

#cadvisor监控指标告警规则

root@prometheus:/data/prometheus-2.4.3/rules# vim container_down.yml 

groups: - name: 容器存活报警规则 rules: - alert: DockerInstanceDown expr: absent(container_last_seen{name="core_vspc"}) == 1 for: 1m annotations: description: "vspc client容器:{ { $labels.name }} (所属主机{ { $labels.instance }}) 已经异常退出超过1分钟，请检查！" summary: "容器:Instance { { $labels.name }} 存活检测"

参考文档：

https://github.com/prometheus
https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter
https://github.com/google/cadvisor