Mockito：一个强大的用于 Java 开发的模拟测试框架实例

Mockito框架：

        Mockito是一个基于MIT协议的开源java测试框架。 
        Mockito区别于其他模拟框架的地方主要是允许开发者在没有建立“预期”时验证被测系统的行为。对于mock对象的一个评价是测试系统的测试代码是一个高耦合的，由于 Mockito试图通过移除“期望规范”去除expect-run-verify（期望验证模式）的模式，因此在耦合度上有所降低。这样的结果是简化了测试代码，使他更易读和修改了。

 

使用Mockito框架的简单Java代码示例：

1.ClassPerson.java

public class Person
{
    private final Integer personID;
    private final String personName;
    public Person( Integer personID, String personName )
    {
        this.personID = personID;
        this.personName = personName;
    }
    public Integer getPersonID()
    {
        return personID;
    }
    public String getPersonName()
    {
        return personName;
    }
}

 2.接口类PersonDAO.java

public interface PersonDao {
    public Person fetchPerson( Integer personID );
    public void update( Person person );
}

 3.类PersonService.java

public class PersonService
{
    private final PersonDao personDao;
    public PersonService( PersonDao personDao )
    {
        this.personDao = personDao;
    }
    public boolean update( Integer personId, String name )
    {
        Person person = personDao.fetchPerson( personId );
        if( person != null )
        {
            Person updatedPerson = new Person( person.getPersonID(), name );
            personDao.update( updatedPerson );
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

 4.单元测试类PersonServiceTest

public class PersonServiceTest
{
    @Mock
    private PersonDao personDAO;
    private PersonService personService;
    @Before
    public void setUp()
        throws Exception
    {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks( this );
        personService = new PersonService( personDAO );
    }
    @Test
    public void shouldUpdatePersonName()
    {
        Person person = new Person( 1, "Phillip" );
        when( personDAO.fetchPerson( 1 ) ).thenReturn( person );
        boolean updated = personService.update( 1, "David" );
        assertTrue( updated );
        verify( personDAO ).fetchPerson( 1 );
        ArgumentCaptor<Person> personCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass( Person.class );
        verify( personDAO ).update( personCaptor.capture() );
        Person updatedPerson = personCaptor.getValue();
        assertEquals( "David", updatedPerson.getPersonName() );
        // asserts that during the test, there are no other calls to the mock object.
        verifyNoMoreInteractions( personDAO );
    }
    @Test
    public void shouldNotUpdateIfPersonNotFound()
    {
        when( personDAO.fetchPerson( 1 ) ).thenReturn( null );
        boolean updated = personService.update( 1, "David" );
        assertFalse( updated );
        verify( personDAO ).fetchPerson( 1 );
        verifyZeroInteractions( personDAO );
        verifyNoMoreInteractions( personDAO );
    }
}