Docker学习(一)——docker的安装

1. 官网地址（官网的安装方式总是最新的）

官网地址：https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/

2. 环境准备

64位的主机，Ubuntu支持版本如下图
    

3. 在linux终端输入以下指令

3.1 更新apt包目录

$ sudo apt-get update   #更新包目录

$ sudo apt-get install \    #运行apt使用https从repository获取docker包
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

3.2 添加dockers官方 GPG 密钥

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

3.3 验证密钥成功添加

$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

#输出结果：
pub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [SCEA]
      9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid           [ unknown] Docker Release (CE deb) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [S]

3.4 设置稳定的仓库源

$ sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

3.5 安装docker引擎

#安装最新的版本
 $ sudo apt-get update
 $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

#安装指定版本
$ apt-cache madison docker-ce
   #输出：
  docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  ...
 $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu docker-ce-cli=18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu containerd.io

3.6 通过经典的hello world验证是否成功安装

$ sudo docker run hello-world   #pull并运行hello world 镜像
#输出
hello from Docker!
...

4. 网络存在问题上述指令无法成功安装时，更换国内镜像源

4.1 通过vim打开/etc/apt/sources.list

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
#有需要的话可以先备份该文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list #将文件复制一份

4.2 修改源

输入i进入编辑模式，将下方内容复制粘贴进入source.list文件即可

#阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

按Esc退出编辑，输入 :wq 完成写入退出

$ sudo apt-get update   #更新目录

4.3 常用国内镜像站网址

清华源 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
阿里云 https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
搜狐 http://mirrors.sohu.com
网易 http://mirrors.163.com
华科大 http://mirror.hust.edu.cn
中科大 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn