LNMP部署及应用

一、LNMP架构解读

1.1、 LNMP平台就是Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP的组合架构，需要Linux服务器、MySQL数据库、PHP解析环境

1.2、 本案例在单台服务器上部署LNMP环境

1.3 案例架构图示

nginx的特长是处理静态请求效率非常强，擅长处理静态资源

apache更适合做动态处理

LNMP中，动态进程交给php中的fpm去处理

所以php需要额外安装fpm

二、安装Nginx服务

systemctl stop firewalld.service 

systemctl disable firewalld.service 

setenforce 0

1、安装依赖包

yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

2、创建运行用户

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin/ nginx

3、编译安装 Nginx

cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module

 make && make install

4、优化路径

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

5、添加Nginx服务

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service

三、安装Mysql服务

1、安装Mysql环境依赖包

yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake
或者
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake

2、创建运行用户

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

3、编译安装

cd /opt
tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

make && make install

4、修改mysql配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock			
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

5、更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

6、设置路径环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile	
source /etc/profile

7、初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

8、添加mysql系统服务

cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld

9、修改mysql的登录密码

mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123"

10、授权远程登录

mysql -u root -p
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
show databases;

四、编译安装PHP服务

1、安装环境依赖包

yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel

2、编译安装

cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
cd php-7.1.10/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip

make && make install

3、路径优化

ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

4、调整PHP配置文件

PHP有三个配置文件
php.ini（主配置文件）
php-fpm.conf（进程服务配置文件）
www.conf（扩展配置文件）
调整主配置文件：

cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
##修改1170行
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
##939行取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

php -m

调整进程服务配置文件：

cd /usr/local/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vim php-fpm.conf
#17行取消注释“;”
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

调整扩展配置文件

cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d
cp www.conf.default www.conf

5、启动php-fpm

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

netstat -natp | grep 9000

PHP-FPM(FastCGI Process Manager:FastCGI进程管理器)是一个PHPFastCGI管理器，由于Nginx服务器不能处理动态页面，需要由Nginx把动态请求交给php-fpm进程进行解析

6、配置Nginx支持PHP解析

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
##65行取消注释修改
location ~ \.php$ {
root			html;
fastcgi_pass	127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index	index.php;
fastcgi_param	SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
#将/scripts修改为nginx的工作目录修改为/usr/local/nginx/html
include 		fastcgi_params;
}

systemctl restart nginx.service

7、验证PHP测试页

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

浏览器访问：http://192.168.246.10/index.php

8、验证数据库工作是否正常

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE bbs;
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

浏览器访问：http://192.168.246.10/index.php

五、部署Discuz，社区论坛Web应用

cd /opt
unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt/dis
cd /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8
cp -r upload /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs

调整论坛目录的权限

cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs
chown -R root:nginx ./config
chown -R root:nginx ./data
chown -R root:nginx ./uc_client
chown -R root:nginx ./uc_server

chmod -R 777 ./config
chmod -R 777 ./data
chmod -R 777 ./uc_client
chmod -R 777 ./uc_server

论坛页面访问：http:192.168.246.10/bbs/install/index.php

数据库服务器：localhost
数据库名字：bbs
数据库用户名：bbsuser
数据库密码：admin123
管理员账号：admin
管理员密码：admin123