软件项目管理与过程改进BB平台第五章习题整理

1
What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces?
创建WBS最主要的工具或技术是什么，可以吧项目可交付成果划分为更小的部分（P141）
a. decomposition
分解
b. conglomeration
c. catalyzation
d. accumulation
2
Which approach for constructing a WBS uses a similar project’s WBS as a starting point?
创建WBS的哪一种方法中，将采用一个相似项目的WBS作为出发点（P145）
a. mind-mapping
b. analogy
类比法
c. bottom-up
d. top-down
3
Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them?
收集需求是指定义并记录项目最终产品的特点和功能，以及创造这些产品的过程（P134）
a. Controlling scope
b. Validating scope
c. Collecting requirements
收集需求
d. Defining scope
4
During which approach do team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS?
在自下而上法中，项目团队成员首先识别尽可能多的与项目有关的具体任务，随后将这些具体的任务集中并组织成概要任务或WBS中的较高层次。（P146）
a. top-down
b. mind mapping
c. analogy
d. bottom-up
自下而上法
5
What is scope creep?
什么是范围蔓延（P149）
a. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger
项目范围不断扩大的趋势
b. a task at the lowest level of the WBS
c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS.
d. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces
6
Which process involves identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them?
用例建模是一种对业务时间、启动着以及系统响应方式进行识别与建模的过程（P152）
a. Use case modeling
用例建模
b. JAD
c. Prototyping
d. RAD
7
Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project?
范围说明书应该罗列并描述所有项目需求的可交付成果（P144）
a. WBS
b. project charter
c. scope statement

d. Gantt chart
8
Which statement best describes scope?
下列最能描述范围的是（P134）
a. each level of work that is outlined in a work breakdown structure
b. work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them
开发项目产品所涉及的所有工作和用来开展工作的所有过程
c. tasks that are decomposed into smaller tasks in a work breakdown structure
d. end product created as part of a project that is delivered to the client
9
Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed?
需求管理计划记录了如何分析、记录和管理项目需求（P135）
a. requirements management plan
需求管理计划
b. project scope statement
c. WBS
d. requirements traceability matrix
10
Which term describes a product produced as part of a project?
可交付成果是指作为项目的一部分而生产的产品（P134）
a. variance（偏差，控制范围）
b. scope
c. work package（工作报告，WBS最底层的一项任务 P143）
d. deliverable
可交付成果
11
Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using which approach?
思维导图法可以用来描述自上而下法或自下而上法（P147）
a. analogy approach only
b. any approach
c. bottom-up or analogy approach
d. top-down or bottom-up approach
自上而下法或自下而上法
12
Which process involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system?
原型开发是指开发系统或者系统的某些方面的可运行的副本（P152）
a. Use case modeling
b. Variance
c. Decomposition
d. Prototyping
原型开发
13
Which technique is used for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks?
思维导图是一种从核心思想向外辐射出分支的技术，将思想和想法结构化，而不是写出任务列表或者直接尝试创建任务结构（P146）
a. bottom-up
b. mind mapping
思维导图
c. top-down
d. analogy
14
Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?
为了创建一个好的WBS，建议（P149）
a. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible.
a) WBS必须对于不可避免的变更能够柔性适应（而不是假设需求僵化）
b. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
每个单元的工作应该在WBS中只出现一次
c. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it.
每个WBS条目都只对应一个负责人（而不是所有人），虽然很多人都在做这项工作
d. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it.
每个WBS中的工作内容是该条目一下所有条目之和（而不是独立的）
15
What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as?
需求跟踪矩阵是列出各种雪球、需求属性和需求状态的一种表格（P138）
a. requirements traceability matrix
需求跟踪矩阵
b. Gantt chart
c. state transition table
d. entity-attribute-value model
16
Which approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items?
自上而下法是从项目最大的条目开始，将他们分解为次一级的条目（P146）
a. analogy
b. top-down
自上而下
c. bottom-up
d. mind mapping
17
Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved?
定义范围是指评审范围管理计划、项目章程、需求文档和组织过程资产来创建一份范围说明书，并且随着需求的扩展和变更请求得到批准而增加更多的信息（P134）
a. Controlling scope
b. Validating scope
c. Creating scope
d. Defining scope
定义范围
18
Which term refers to the difference between planned and actual performance?
误差是计划的与实际的效果之间的区别（P151）
a. Scope validation
b. Scope creep
c. Decomposition
d. Variance
误差
19
Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization?
基准测试是通过与执行组织的内部或者外部的其他项目或产品进行比较，以获得具体项目实践或者产品特征的需求思想
a. decomposition
b. benchmarking
基准测试
c. prototyping
d. variance
20
What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders?
项目确认是指整个项目可交付成果的正式验收（P150）
a. Scope control
b. Scope validation
范围确认
c. Scope planning
d. Scope baseline
21
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management?
创建WBS是与项目范围管理的计划过程相关联的一个子过程
a. executing
b. closing
c. planning
计划过程
d. monitoring and controlling
22
Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables?
在范围验证阶段，项目的主要干系人，如项目的客户和发起人，会检查并正式接受项目的可交付成果
a. Controlling scope
b. Validating scope
范围验证
c. Defining scope
d. Creating scope
23
Which process uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems?
联合应用设计使用高度组织化和集中式的工作会议将项目干系人，即发起人、用户、商业分析师、程序员等结合在一起来共同定义设计信息系统（P152）
a. Use case modeling
b. JAD
联合应用设计 joint application design
c. RAD
d. Prototyping
24
Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project?
工作分解结构（WBS）是对项目所涉及工作面向交付成果（deliverable-oriented）的分组（P141）
a. business case
b. project scope statement
c. work breakdown structure
工作分解结构（WBS）
d. project charter
25
Which approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail?
构建WBS的自上而下方法包括将工作细化为越来越详细的层次。（P146）
a. top-down
b. mind mapping
c. analogy
d. bottom-up
26
Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS?
a. objective
b. deliverable
c. work package
d. variance

题目来源：东北大学BB平台