Centos7搭建python及运行虚拟环境
Centos7搭建python及运行虚拟环境
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- 1搭建python3环境
- 2搭建python3虚拟环境
1搭建python3环境
1.安装相应的编译工具
在root用户下(不要用普通用户,麻烦),全部复制粘贴过去,一次性安装即可.
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum install -y libffi-devel zlib1g-dev
yum install zlib* -y
2.下载安装包
wget wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
3.解压
tar -xvJf Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
4.创建编译安装目录
mkdir /usr/local/python3
5.安装
cd Python-3.7.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl
#第一个指定安装的路径,不指定的话,安装过程中可能软件所需要的文件复制到其他不同目录,删除软件很不方便,复制软件也不方便.
#第二个可以提高python10%-20%代码运行速度.
#第三个是为了安装pip需要用到ssl,后面报错会有提到.
make && make install
6.创建软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
7.验证是否成功
python3 -V
pip3 -V
2搭建python3虚拟环境
1安装virtualenv，virtualenvwrapper
sudo pip3 install virtualenv
sudo pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
2创建虚拟环境的工作目录
mkdir /root/.virtualenvs
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv
3配置环境变量
vim ~/.bashrc
# .bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
export WORKON_HOME=/root/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
4使环境变量生效
source /root/.bashrc
5创建一个虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv daohan -p /usr/bin/python3 #指定python版本
mkvirtualenv daohan #普通版本
# 退出虚拟环境
deactivate