运维管理工具的对比Puppet、Chef、Ansible和SaltStack、Fabric.
[root@server1 ~]# yum install https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-3000.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@server1 ~]# yum list salt-*
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y salt-master.noarch
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl enable --now salt-master.service
[root@server1 ~]# netstat -antlp
阿里云的源
yum install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/saltstack/yum/redhat/salt-repo-latest-2.el7.noarch.rpm
sed -i "s/repo.saltstack.com/mirrors.aliyun.com\/saltstack/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/salt-latest.repo
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# cat salt-latest.repo
[salt-latest]
name=SaltStack Latest Release Channel for RHEL/Centos $releasever
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/saltstack/yum/redhat/7/$basearch/latest
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/saltstack-signing-key
minion端
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# scp salt-3000.repo server2:/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# scp salt-3000.repo server3:/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@server2 yum.repos.d]# vim salt-3000.repo
[root@server3 yum.repos.d]# vim salt-3000.repo
gpgcheck=0
[root@server2 ~]# sed -i "s/repo.saltstack.com/mirrors.aliyun.com\/saltstack/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/salt-3000.repo
[root@server2 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/salt-3000.repo
[root@server2 ~]# yum install -y salt-minion.noarch
[root@server3 ~]# yum install -y salt-minion.noarch
[root@server2 salt]# vim minion
master: 172.25.0.1
[root@server2 salt]# systemctl enable --now salt-minion.service
[root@server3 salt]# vim minion
master: 172.25.0.1
[root@server3 salt]# systemctl enable --now salt-minion.service
master端执行命令允许minion连接
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# salt-key -A ##添加主机使其与master连接
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# salt-key -L ##列出所有连接的主机
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# netstat -antlp
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# lsof -i :4505
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' test.ping
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run "ip addr"
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run hostname
[root@server1 salt]# cd /var/cache/salt/
[root@server1 salt]# ls
master
[root@server1 salt]# cd master/
[root@server1 master]# ls
jobs minions proc queues roots syndics tokens
[root@server1 master]# cd jobs/
[root@server1 jobs]# ls
43 5b 8f bb
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y python-setproctitle.x86_64
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-master.service
[root@server1 ~]# ps ax #查看进程
[root@server2 salt]# ls
minion_id ##主机名文件 /etc/salt/
salt内置的执行模块列表.
salt '' [arguments]
[root@server1 ~]# vim index.html
[root@server1 ~]# salt-cp server2 index.html /var/www/html
[root@server1 ~]# salt server2 file.stats /var/www/html/index.html
[root@server1 ~]# curl server2
server2
所有的文件以.sls结尾.不能使用tab键
在server2中部署apache
[root@server1 ~]# cd /srv/
[root@server1 srv]# mkdir salt
[root@server1 srv]# cd salt/
[root@server1 salt]# mkdir apache
[root@server1 salt]# mv ~/index.html apache/
[root@server1 salt]# cd apache/
[root@server1 apache]# vim install.sls
[root@server1 apache]# salt server2 state.sls apache.install
[root@server1 apache]# mkdir files
[root@server1 apache]# mv index.html files/
[root@server1 apache]# md5sum files/index.html
01bc6b572ba171d4d3bd89abe9cb9a4c files/index.html
[root@server2 salt]# tree .
[root@server2 salt]# pwd
/var/cache/salt
[root@server2 salt]# cd minion/files/base/apache/
[root@server2 apache]# ls
files install.sls
[root@server2 apache]# cd files/
[root@server2 files]# ls
index.html
[root@server2 files]# md5sum index.html ##文件的md5码一样
01bc6b572ba171d4d3bd89abe9cb9a4c index.html
apache:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- httpd
- php
- php-mysql
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: true
- watch:
- file: apache
#/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
# file.managed:
# - source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf
master 端(server1)
vim /etc/salt/master
systemctl restart salt-master
创建模块
[root@server1 apache]# mkdir /srv/salt/_modules ##创建模块目录
[root@server1 apache]# cd /srv/salt/_modules
[root@server1 _modules]# ls
[root@server1 _modules]# vim mydisk.py ##编写模块文件
def df():
return __salt__['cmd.run']('df -h')
[root@server1 _modules]# salt server2 cmd.run df
[root@server1 _modules]# salt server2 saltutil.sync_modules##同步模块
server2:
- modules.mydisk
[root@server2 files]# cd /var/cache/salt/minion/
[root@server2 minion]# tree .
用于查询minion端的IP、FQDN等信息。
默认可用的grains:
salt '*' grains.ls
列出所有的key
salt '*' grains.items
列出所有 key和值
指定key的值salt server2 grains.item ipv4
在minion端服务的主配置文件操作。同步到master端
[root@server2 minion]# cd /etc/salt/
[root@server2 salt]# vim minion
grains:
roles:
- apache
重启salt-minion,否则数据不会更新
[root@server2 salt]# systemctl restart salt-minion
[root@server1 _modules]# salt server2 test.ping
[root@server1 _modules]# salt server2 grains.item ipv4
[root@server1 _modules]# salt server2 grains.item roles
在server端编写/etc/salt/grains文件,定义,在master端同步
[root@server3 salt]# pwd
/etc/salt
[root@server3 salt]# vim grains
roles:
- nginx
[root@server3 salt]# salt server3 saltutil.sync_grains ##同步数据
[root@server1 _modules]# salt '*' grains.item roles
在master端创建_grains目录 编辑文件同步到minion
[root@server1 _modules]# mkdir /srv/salt/_grains
[root@server1 _modules]# cd /srv/salt/_grains
[root@server1 _grains]# vim my_grain.py
def my_grain():
grains = {
}
grains['salt'] = 'stack'
grains['hello'] = 'world'
return grains
[root@server1 _grains]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
[root@server1 _grains]# salt '*' grains.item hello
grains定义生效后才能在top.sls中应用
grains被定义好后,用top匹配,即server2去执行apache ,server3去执行nginx
[root@server1 files]# scp server3:/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf .
[root@server1 salt]# cat top.sls
base:
'roles:apache':
- match: grain
- apache
'roles:nginx':
- match: grain
- nginx
[root@server1 apache]# cat init.sls
apache:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- httpd
- php
- php-mysql
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/httpd.conf
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: true
- watch:
- file: apache
/var/www/html/index.html:
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/index.html
[root@server1 nginx]# cat init.sls
include:
- nginx.install #####将文件包函进去,即nginx目录下的install.sls
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf: 目的文件路径
file.managed:
- source: salt://nginx/nginx.conf
nginx-service:
user.present:
- name: nginx
- shell: /sbin/nologin
- home: /usr/local/nginx
- createhome: false
file.managed:
- source: salt://nginx/nginx.service
- name: /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
service.running:
- name: nginx
- enable: true
- reload: true
- watch:
- file: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@server1 nginx]# cat install.sls
nginx-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- gcc
- pcre-devel
- openssl-devel
file.managed:
- source: salt://nginx/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
- name: /mnt/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
cmd.run:
- name: cd /mnt && tar zxf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.18.0 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module &> /dev/null && make &> /dev/null && make install &> /dev/null
- creates: /usr/local/nginx
[root@server1 nginx]# cat nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@server1 nginx]# salt '*' state.highstate
SALT.RENDERERS.JINJA.
Jinja最基本的用法是使用控制结构包装条件
[root@server1 salt]# vim test.sls
/mnt/testfile:
file.append:
{
% if grains['fqdn'] == 'server2' %}
- text: server2
{
% elif grains['fqdn'] == 'server3' %}
- text: server3
{
% endif %}
[root@server1 salt]# salt '*' state.sls test
[root@server2 mnt]# cat /mnt/testfile
server2
[root@server3 ~]# cat /mnt/testfile
server3
Jinja在普通文件的使用
[root@server1 apache]# vim init.sls
/var/www/html/index.html:
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- template: jinja
- context:
port: 80
bind: {
{
grains['ipv4'][-1] }}
/var/www/html/index.html:
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/files/index.html
- template: jinja
- context:
NAME: {
{
grains['ipv4'][-1] }}
[root@server1 apache]# vim files/httpd.conf
Listen {
{
bind }}:{
{
port }} ## 直接引用grains变量
[root@server1 apache]# vim files/index.html
{
{
grains['os'] }} - {
{
grains['fqdn'] }}
{
{
NAME }}
[root@server1 apache]# salt server2 state.sls apache
[root@server2 html]# cat index.html
RedHat - server2
192.168.0.2
在PILLAR中存储静态数据.
定义pillar基础目录
master端
vim /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar
mkdir /srv/pillar
systemctl restart salt-master ##重启salt-master服务
vim /srv/pillar/top.sls
base:
'*':
- packages
vim /srv/pillar/package.sls
{
% if grains[‘fqdn’] == ‘server3’ %}
package: nginx
{
% elif grains[‘fqdn’] == ‘server2’ %}
port: 80
bind: 172.25.10.2
{
% endif %}
刷新pillar数据:
salt '*' saltutil.refresh_pillar
查询pillar数据:
salt ‘*’ pillar.items
salt '*’ pillar.item roles
命令行中匹配
salt -I ‘package:nginx’ test.ping
state系统中使用
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
{
% from 'apache/lib.sls' import port %} jinja模板的import方式
Listen {
{
bind }}:{
{
port }}
[root@server1 pillar]# salt server2 state.sls apache
[root@server1 keepalived]# cat init.sls
kp-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: keepalived
file.managed:
- name: /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- source: salt://keepalived/files/keepalived.conf
- template: jinja
- context:
STATE: {
{
pillar['state'] }}
VRID: {
{
pillar['vrid'] }}
PRI: {
{
pillar['pri'] }}
service.running:
- name: keepalived
- enable: true
- reload: true
- watch:
- file: kp-install
[root@server1 keepalived]# cat files/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state {
{
STATE }}
interface eth0
virtual_router_id {
{
VRID }}
priority {
{
PRI }}
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.25.10.100
}
}
salt '*' state.sls keepalived
或者加进top 文件中 ,一起运行[root@server1 salt]# salt '*' state.highstate
[root@server1 salt]# cat top.sls
base:
'roles:apache':
- match: grain
- apache
- keepalived
'roles:nginx':
- match: grain
- nginx
- keepalived
package.sls
[root@server2 keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived
数据库的配置,及导入数据到数据库中
zabbix仓库源的搭建
[root@server1 apache]# cd /srv/salt/
[root@server1 salt]# mkdir zabbix-server
[root@server1 salt]# cd zabbix-server/
[root@server1 zabbix-server]# ls
[root@server1 zabbix-server]# vim init.sls
[root@server1 zabbix-server]# mkdir files
[root@server1 zabbix-server]# cd files/
[root@server1 files]# scp server2:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf .
[root@server1 files]# vim zabbix_server.conf
DBHost=192.168.0.3
DBPassword=westos
[root@server1 zabbix-server]# salt server2 state.sls zabbix-server
响应:
[root@server2 zabbix]# mysql -h 192.168.0.3 -u zabbix -p
MariaDB [(none)]> use zabbix
MariaDB [zabbix]> show tables;
[root@server1 zabbix-server]# cat init.sls
zabbix-server:
pkgrepo.managed:
- name: zabbix
- humanname: zabbix 4.0
- baseurl: http://172.25.254.250/pub/docs/zabbix/4.0
- gpgcheck: 0
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- zabbix-server-mysql
- zabbix-agent
- zabbix-web-mysql
file.managed:
- name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
- source: salt://zabbix-server/files/zabbix_server.conf
service.running:
- name: zabbix-server
- enable: true
- watch:
- file: zabbix-server
zabbix-agent:
service.running
zabbix-web:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf
- source: salt://zabbix-server/files/zabbix.conf
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: true
- watch:
- file: zabbix-web
/etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php:
file.managed:
- source: salt://zabbix-server/files/zabbix.conf.php
[root@server1 mysql]# cat init.sls
mysql-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- mariadb-server
- MySQL-python
file.managed:
- name: /etc/my.cnf
- source: salt://mysql/files/my.cnf
service.running:
- name: mariadb
- enable: true
- watch:
- file: mysql-install
mysql-config:
mysql_database.present:
- name: zabbix
mysql_user.present:
- name: zabbix
- host: '%'
- password: "westos"
mysql_grants.present:
- grant: all privileges
- database: zabbix.*
- user: zabbix
- host: '%'
file.managed:
- name: /mnt/create.sql
- source: salt://mysql/files/create.sql
cmd.run:
- name: mysql zabbix < /mnt/create.sql && touch /mnt/zabbix.lock
- creates: /mnt/zabbix.lock
先安装完数据库就会生成/etc/my.cnf文件 .复制后添加[root@server1 files]# scp server3:/etc/my.cnf .
[root@server1 files]# vim my.cnf 先执行前面,安装完就会生成此文件,添加
10 log-bin=mysql-bin
11 character-set-server=utf8
先执行zabbix-server的安装,当安装完成后就会出现此文件
[root@server2 zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.5]# scp /etc/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.5/create.sql.gz server1:/srv/salt/mysql/files/
[root@server1 files]# gunzip create.sql.gz
[root@server1 files]# ls
create.sql my.cnf
[root@server1 mysql]# salt server3 state.sls mysql
响应:
[root@server3 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like 'char%';
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from mysql.user;
MariaDB [(none)]> use zabbix
MariaDB [zabbix]> show tables;
[root@foundation50 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.0.3 -u zabbix -p
Enter password:
[root@server3 ~]# cd /mnt
[root@server3 mnt]# ls
create.sql
[root@server1 files]# vim zabbix.conf
20 php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai
[root@server1 files]# vim zabbix_server.conf
91 DBHost=172.25.10.3
100 DBName=zabbix
116 DBUser=zabbix
124 DBPassword=westos
[root@server1 files]# vim zabbix.conf.php
当在页面中完成初始化操作,此文件会记录,删掉,需重新初始化
在做初始化操作的时候
[root@server1 salt]# vim top.sls
base:
'roles:apache':
- match: grain
- apache
- keepalived
- zabbix-server
'roles:nginx':
- match: grain
- nginx
- keepalived
- mysql
[root@server1 salt]# salt '*' state.highstate