Spring Cloud Alibaba:Sentinel实现熔断与限流
Spring Cloud Alibaba 致力于提供微服务开发的一站式解决方案,Sentinel
作为其核心组件之一,具有熔断与限流等一系列服务保护功能,本文将对其用法进行详细介绍。
随着微服务的流行,服务和服务之间的稳定性变得越来越重要。 Sentinel 以流量为切入点,从流量控制、熔断降级、系统负载保护等多个维度保护服务的稳定性。
Sentinel具有如下特性:
Sentinel控制台是一个轻量级的控制台应用,它可用于实时查看单机资源监控及集群资源汇总,并提供了一系列的规则管理功能,如流控规则、降级规则、热点规则等。
java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.6.3.jar
这里我们创建一个sentinel-service模块,用于演示Sentinel的熔断与限流功能。
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
server:
port: 8401
spring:
application:
name: sentinel-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置sentinel dashboard地址
port: 8719
service-url:
user-service: http://nacos-user-service
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
用于测试熔断和限流功能。
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rateLimit")
public class RateLimitController {
/**
* 按资源名称限流,需要指定限流处理逻辑
*/
@GetMapping("/byResource")
@SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
public CommonResult byResource() {
return new CommonResult("按资源名称限流", 200);
}
/**
* 按URL限流,有默认的限流处理逻辑
*/
@GetMapping("/byUrl")
@SentinelResource(value = "byUrl",blockHandler = "handleException")
public CommonResult byUrl() {
return new CommonResult("按url限流", 200);
}
public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
return new CommonResult(exception.getClass().getCanonicalName(),200);
}
}
我们可以根据@SentinelResource注解中定义的value(资源名称)来进行限流操作,但是需要指定限流处理逻辑。
流控规则可以在Sentinel控制台进行配置,由于我们使用了Nacos注册中心,我们先启动Nacos和sentinel-service;
我们还可以通过访问的URL来限流,会返回默认的限流处理信息。
我们可以自定义通用的限流处理逻辑,然后在@SentinelResource中指定。
/**
* Created by macro on 2019/11/7.
*/
public class CustomBlockHandler {
public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
return new CommonResult("自定义限流信息",200);
}
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rateLimit")
public class RateLimitController {
/**
* 自定义通用的限流处理逻辑
*/
@GetMapping("/customBlockHandler")
@SentinelResource(value = "customBlockHandler", blockHandler = "handleException",blockHandlerClass = CustomBlockHandler.class)
public CommonResult blockHandler() {
return new CommonResult("限流成功", 200);
}
}
Sentinel
支持对服务间调用进行保护,对故障应用进行熔断操作,这里我们使用RestTemplate来调用nacos-user-service服务所提供的接口来演示下该功能。
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfig {
@Bean
@SentinelRestTemplate
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/breaker")
public class CircleBreakerController {
private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CircleBreakerController.class);
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Value("${service-url.user-service}")
private String userServiceUrl;
@RequestMapping("/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handleFallback")
public CommonResult fallback(@PathVariable Long id) {
return restTemplate.getForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/{1}", CommonResult.class, id);
}
@RequestMapping("/fallbackException/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallbackException",fallback = "handleFallback2", exceptionsToIgnore = {
NullPointerException.class})
public CommonResult fallbackException(@PathVariable Long id) {
if (id == 1) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
} else if (id == 2) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
return restTemplate.getForObject(userServiceUrl + "/user/{1}", CommonResult.class, id);
}
public CommonResult handleFallback(Long id) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser,"服务降级返回",200);
}
public CommonResult handleFallback2(@PathVariable Long id, Throwable e) {
LOGGER.error("handleFallback2 id:{},throwable class:{}", id, e.getClass());
User defaultUser = new User(-2L, "defaultUser2", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser,"服务降级返回",200);
}
}
{
"data": {
"id": -1,
"username": "defaultUser",
"password": "123456"
},
"message": "服务降级返回",
"code": 200
}
Sentinel也适配了Feign组件,我们使用Feign来进行服务间调用时,也可以使用它来进行熔断。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: true #打开sentinel对feign的支持
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-user-service",fallback = UserFallbackService.class)
public interface UserService {
@PostMapping("/user/create")
CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user);
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
CommonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id);
@GetMapping("/user/getByUsername")
CommonResult<User> getByUsername(@RequestParam String username);
@PostMapping("/user/update")
CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user);
@PostMapping("/user/delete/{id}")
CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id);
}
@Component
public class UserFallbackService implements UserService {
@Override
public CommonResult create(User user) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser,"服务降级返回",200);
}
@Override
public CommonResult<User> getUser(Long id) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser,"服务降级返回",200);
}
@Override
public CommonResult<User> getByUsername(String username) {
User defaultUser = new User(-1L, "defaultUser", "123456");
return new CommonResult<>(defaultUser,"服务降级返回",200);
}
@Override
public CommonResult update(User user) {
return new CommonResult("调用失败,服务被降级",500);
}
@Override
public CommonResult delete(Long id) {
return new CommonResult("调用失败,服务被降级",500);
}
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserFeignController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public CommonResult getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.getUser(id);
}
@GetMapping("/getByUsername")
public CommonResult getByUsername(@RequestParam String username) {
return userService.getByUsername(username);
}
@PostMapping("/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.create(user);
}
@PostMapping("/update")
public CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.update(user);
}
@PostMapping("/delete/{id}")
public CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.delete(id);
}
}
http://localhost:8401/user/4
{
"data": {
"id": -1,
"username": "defaultUser",
"password": "123456"
},
"message": "服务降级返回",
"code": 200
}
默认情况下,当我们在Sentinel控制台中配置规则时,控制台推送规则方式是通过API将规则推送至客户端并直接更新到内存中。一旦我们重启应用,规则将消失。下面我们介绍下如何将配置规则进行持久化,以存储到Nacos为例。
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
修改application.yml配置文件,添加Nacos数据源配置:
spring:
cloud:
sentinel:
datasource:
ds1:
nacos:
server-addr: localhost:8848
dataId: ${
spring.application.name}-sentinel
groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
data-type: json
rule-type: flow
[
{
"resource": "/rateLimit/byUrl",
"limitApp": "default",
"grade": 1,
"count": 1,
"strategy": 0,
"controlBehavior": 0,
"clusterMode": false
}
]
相关参数解释:
resource:资源名称;
limitApp:来源应用;
grade:阈值类型,0表示线程数,1表示QPS;
count:单机阈值;
strategy:流控模式,0表示直接,1表示关联,2表示链路;
controlBehavior:流控效果,0表示快速失败,1表示Warm Up,2表示排队等待;
clusterMode:是否集群。
微信搜一搜「 码上代码」回复【面试资料】,【技术书籍】有我准备的一线大厂面试资料和简历模板和java必看技术书籍
大家好,感谢各位人才
能看到这里的都是您已是佼佼者
我会持续为大家做技术分享
预知下篇如何
请点赞、收藏和评论,我们下期见!