TED_Topic5：How virtual reality can create the ultimate empathy machine
By Chris Milk
# Background about our speaker
Working at the frontiers of interactive technology, Chris Milk stretches virtual reality into a new canvas（画布） for storytelling.
# Why you should listen
Chris Milk first gained renown（声誉；名望） as a director, creating game-changing（全新的） music videos（音乐短片） for U2, Arcade Fire and Kanye West, and contributing to A Mother’s Promise, a short documentary that introduced Barack Obama at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.
Seeking to discover “what comes after cinema as the gold standard for storytelling,” Milk turned to cross-media storytelling on a variety of platforms. His groundbreaking work The Johnny Cash Project, with Aaron Koblin, uses crowdsourced artwork to create an ever-evolving music video of Cash’s final release. Milk’s live-action VR film “Hello, Again” allows fans to view a Beck performance from unlimited vantage points（有利位置，优越地位）. “Evolution of Verse,” Milk’s latest VR（virtual reality） film, premiered（戏剧、电影等）首次公演） at Sundance 2015.
What others say
“Milk has found a world where his childhood dreams are not only realised but surpassed.” — The Guardian, June 30, 2014
# 视频地址
https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_milk_how_virtual_reality_can_create_the_ultimate_empathy_machine#
Subtitles and Transcript
Virtual reality started for me（…对我来说，一开始…） in sort of an unusual place. It was the 1970s. I got into the field very young: I was seven years old.And the tool that I used to access virtual reality was the Evel Knievel stunt cycle. This is a commercial for that particular item:(Video) Voice-over（电影或电视）旁白）: What a jump! Evel's riding the amazing stunt cycle. That gyro-power sends him over 100 feet at top speed.
Chris Milk: So this was my joy back then. I rode this motorcycle（摩托车） everywhere. And I was there with Evel Knievel; we jumped the Snake River Canyon together. I wanted the rocket. I never got the rocket, I only got the motorcycle. I felt so connected to（紧紧相连） this world. I didn't want to be a storyteller when I grew up, I wanted to be stuntman（特技演员）. I was there. Evel Knievel was my friend. I had so much empathy for him.
But it didn't work out. (Laughter) I went to art school（艺术学校）. I started making music videos. And this is one of the early music videos that I made: (Music: "Touch the Sky" by Kanye West) CM: You may notice some slight similarities here. (Laughter) And I got that rocket. (Laughter)
So, now I'm a filmmaker（电影制作人）, or, the beginning of a filmmaker, and I started using the tools that are available to me as a filmmaker to try to tell the most compelling stories that I can to an audience. And film is this incredible medium that allows us to feel empathy for people that are very different than us and worlds completely foreign from our own.
Unfortunately, Evel Knievel did not feel the same empathy for us that we felt for him, and he sued us for this video -- (Laughter) --shortly thereafter（从那时以后）. On the upside（从正面看）, the man that I worshipped as a child, the man that I wanted to become as an adult, I was finally able to get his autograph（亲笔签名）. (Applause)
Let's talk about film now. Film, it's an incredible medium, but essentially, it's the same now as it was then. It's a group of rectangles that are played in a sequence. And we've done incredible things with those rectangles. But I started thinking about, is there a way that I can use modern and developing technologies to tell stories in different ways and tell different kinds of stories that maybe I couldn't tell using the traditional tools of filmmaking that we've been using for 100 years? So I started experimenting, and what I was trying to do was to build the ultimate empathy（移情，同理心） machine. And here's one of the early experiments:(Music)
So this is called "The Wilderness Downtown." It was a collaboration with Arcade Fire. It asked you to put in the address where you grew up at the beginning of it. It's a website. And out of it starts growing these little boxes with different browser windows.And you see this teenager running down a street, and then you see Google Street View and Google Maps imagery and you realize the street he's running down is yours. And when he stops in front of a house, he stops in front of your house. And this was great, and I saw people having an even deeper emotional reaction to this than the things that I had made in rectangles. And I'm essentially taking a piece of your history and putting it inside the framing of the story.
But then I started thinking, okay, well that's a part of you, but how do I put all of you inside of the frame? So to do that, I started making art installations. And this is one called "The Treachery of Sanctuary." It's a triptych（三幅一联）. I'm going to show you the third panel.(Music) So now I've got you inside of the frame, and I saw people having even more visceral（出于本能的；发自肺腑的） emotional reactions （情绪反应）to this work than the previous one.
But then I started thinking about frames, and what do they represent? And a frame is just a window. I mean, all the media that we watch -- television, cinema -- they're these windows into these other worlds. And I thought, well, great. I got you in a frame. But I don't want you in the frame, I don't want you in the window, I want you through the window, I want you on the other side, in the world, inhabiting（栖息；居住于） the world.
So that leads me back to virtual reality. Let's talk about virtual reality. Unfortunately, talking about virtual reality is like dancing about architecture. And this is actually someone dancing about architecture in virtual reality. (Laughter) So, it's difficult to explain. Why is it difficult to explain? It's difficult because it's a very experiential medium. You feel your way inside of it. It's a machine, but inside of it, it feels like real life, it feels like truth. And you feel present（感受当下） in the world that you're inside and you feel present with the people that you're inside of it with.
So, I'm going to show you a demo of a virtual reality film: a full-screeen version of all the information that we capture when we shoot virtual reality. So we're shooting in every direction. This is a camera system that we built that has 3D cameras that look in every direction and binaural microphones that face in very direction. We take this and we build, basically, a sphere of a world that you inhabit. So what I'm going to show you is not a view into the world, it's basically the whole world stretched into a rectangle.So this film is called "Clouds Over Sidra," and it was made in conjunction with our virtual reality company called VRSE and the United Nations, and a co-collaborator named Gabo Arora. And we went to a Syrian refugee camp in Jordan in December and shot the story of a 12-year-old girl there named Sidra. And she and her family fled Syria through the desert into Jordan and she's been living in this camp for the last year and a half. (Video) Sidra: My name is Sidra. I am 12 years old. I am in the fifth grade. I am from Syria, in the Daraa Province, Inkhil City. I have lived here in the Zaatari camp in Jordan for the last year and a half. I have a big family: three brothers, one is a baby. He cries a lot. I asked my father if I cried when I was a baby and he says I did not. I think I was a stronger baby than my brother.
CM: So, when you're inside of the headset（耳机）. you're not seeing it like this. You're looking around through this world. You'll notice you see full 360 degrees, in all directions. And when you're sitting there in her room, watching her, you're not watching it through a television screen, you're not watching it through a window, you're sitting there with her. When you look down, you're sitting on the same ground that she's sitting on. And because of that, you feel her humanity in a deeper way. You empathize with（感同） her in a deeper way.
And I think that we can change minds with this machine. And we've already started to try to change a few. So we took this film to the World Economic Forum in Davos in January. And we showed it to a group of people whose decisions affect the lives of millions of people. And these are people who might not otherwise be sitting in a tent in a refugee camp in Jordan. But in January, one afternoon in Switzerland, they suddenly all found themselves there. (Applause) And they were affected by it.
So we're going to make more of them. We're working with the United Nations right now to shoot a whole series （拍摄一系列…）of these films.We just finished shooting a story in Liberia. And now, we're going to shoot a story in India. And we're taking these films, and we're showing them at the United Nations to people that work there and people that are visiting there. And we're showing them to the people that can actually change the lives of the people inside of the films.
And that's where I think we just start to scratch the surface of(只知皮毛,撕开…表面/揭开…表面…) the true power of virtual reality. It's not a video game peripheral(外部设备). It connects humans to other humans in a profound way that I've never seen before in any other form of media. And it can change people's perception of each other. And that's how I think virtual reality has the potential to actually change the world.
So, it's a machine, but through this machine we become more compassionate(慈悲的；富于同情心的), we become more empathetic(投入的/移情作用的；同感的), and we become more connected. And ultimately, we become more human（人性化 ）.
# Comments I like
Speaking as a person who has no plans to ever use VR, but admires 2D representations of it, I think a good complement to this talk is the 2014 episode of South Park called "Grounded Vindaloop". There is a demographic of white males under age 30 that South Park appeals to (almost exclusively), but I'm no longer in that demo, and I found it enormously entertaining. In addition to the well-intentioned uses of VR shown here, there is also sheer fun and philosophical silliness.
I can also predict with a high degree of certainty that VR will never be more evocative of my home town than listening to the raw audio of Arcade Fire's album The Suburbs
It will be interesting to see how quickly this technology becomes ubiquitous
Really interesting. Thanks for making the connection between technology and humanity.
So inspiring! Before watching this video, I only regarded VR as a gaming tool. Thanks.