05_HashSet&LinkedHashSet&&TreeSet

HashSet

HashSet是一种类似数组/list的线性的数据结构。

This class implements the Set interface, backed by a hash table (actually a HashMap instance).
It makes no guarantees as to the iteration order of the set;
in particular, it does not guarantee that the order will remain constant over time.
This class permits the null element.

HashSet是基于HashMap的数据结构，内部是使用HashMap来存储数据的。内部无序且元素不可重复。

看一眼无参构造器：

    /**
     * Constructs a new, empty set; the backing HashMap instance has
     * default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
     */
    public HashSet() {
        map = new HashMap<>();
    }

add:

    
    public boolean add(E e) {
        return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }
    // PRESENT
    private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();

add方法就是把元素作为key put进map里，value统一使用一个Object对象。
迭代，实际上就是迭代HashMap的key了，看一下源码实现：

    public Iterator iterator() {
        return map.keySet().iterator();
    }

HashSet只是浅层封装了HashMap，没有什么其他的东西。

LinkedHashSet

LinkedHashSet继承自HashSet，内部实现是LinkedHashMap;和HashSet的区别也就是有序。

  /**
     * Constructs a new, empty linked hash set with the specified initial
     * capacity and load factor.
     *
     * @param      initialCapacity the initial capacity of the linked hash set
     * @param      loadFactor      the load factor of the linked hash set
     * @throws     IllegalArgumentException  if the initial capacity is less
     *               than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive
     */
    public LinkedHashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor, true);
    }

父类对应的构造器：

     /**
     * Constructs a new, empty linked hash set.  (This package private
     * constructor is only used by LinkedHashSet.) The backing
     * HashMap instance is a LinkedHashMap with the specified initial
     * capacity and the specified load factor.
     *
     * @param      initialCapacity   the initial capacity of the hash map
     * @param      loadFactor        the load factor of the hash map
     * @param      dummy             ignored (distinguishes this
     *             constructor from other int, float constructor.)
     * @throws     IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less
     *             than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive
     */
    HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean dummy) {
        map = new LinkedHashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
    }

TreeSet

不出意外的话，TreeSet是使用TreeMap来实现的。
看一下构造器：

/**
     * Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
     * natural ordering of its elements.  All elements inserted into
     * the set must implement the {@link Comparable} interface.
     * Furthermore, all such elements must be mutually
     * comparable: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and
     * {@code e2} in the set.  If the user attempts to add an element
     * to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
     * attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
     * integers), the {@code add} call will throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException}.
     */
    public TreeSet() {
        this(new TreeMap());
    }